Viewing

Comprehension
ENGLISH 100 Class
 INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES
• Give the meaning of viewing comprehension.
• Present research findings on reading comprehension.
• State the importance of developing one’s viewing
comprehension skills.
• Discuss the different types of viewing and the
different viewing strategies.
• Answer the viewing and listening comprehension
application test correctly.
• Apply strategies to real life situations.
 VIEWING COMPREHENSION
 involves interpreting images for which word
stand, and connecting visual images in videos,
and websites with accompanying printed or
spoken words (B.D. Roe, E.P. Ross 2010).
 refers to the ability of the participants to
perceive meaning from visual presentations
with levels literal, reorganizational, inferential,
evaluation and appreciation comprehension
(Isidor)
 Research Findings
• Research has found out that average students spend
an average of 6-7 hours a day in using media (video
games, computers, video), with the average
television viewing at 3-4 hours each day. This made
some research body suggest to teach students to
become critical viewers, give them the ability to
analyze the construction of isolated images, give
them the ability to think critically about the
composition of the picture, and enhance their ability
to read word and worlds (David Considine, 1999).
 Research Findings
• Viewing enhances listening skills when
students attend to non-verbal communication
and visual elements of performance, video,
television, film and multimedia presentation.
It enhances reading when students attend to
visual accompanying print, specific textual
techniques, and the assumptions,
perspectives, and quality of a variety media
(Estroga, 2012)
 Research Findings
 Professor Albert Mehrabian (1939), asserted
that students take in information 55 percent in
visual and only seven (7) percent in text. From
this information it can be concluded that
student’s viewing do play a vital role in the
retention of their knowledge.
 Just as listening, reading, writing and speaking,
viewing entails giving attention to facts and
relationships, inferences, and to critical analysis
(Kathie Johnson and Connie McDonald, 2007).
 Research Findings
• Research shows that understanding is
enhanced through visual material, it might
even offer a higher authenticity (Bachman &
Palmer,1996)
 Types of Viewing

1) Visual Literacy - the ability to construct meaning

from visual images (Giorgis, Johnson, Bonomo,
Colbert, & Al, 1999).

2) Critical Viewing - actively construct meaning

from non-print texts that they view.
Viewing Comprehension Strategies
1. Before Viewing - promote understanding of video
and streaming content.
2. During Viewing- promote understanding of video and
streaming content.
3. After Viewing -promote understanding of video and
streaming content.
4. Extended Comprehension Strategies- meant to
provide extended learning around video and
streaming content, as well as opportunities for more
complex thinking about that content
 Before Viewing Anchor Strategies
Viewing Purpose, Preview, Predict, Connect

1. Set a viewing purpose

2. Predict (e.g., sequence of events, video creator’s position on a given topic,
etc.)
3. Preview video (editing conventions, length, title)
4. Identify media connections (e.g., I read a book on a related topic recently;
I saw a tweet that described this same idea but in sarcastic terms, etc.)
5. Make True/False statements about general video topic
6. Begin KWL chart
7. Roughly summarize (e.g., what they know about topic. video creator,
channel, etc.)
8. Concept map the video topic in a given or self-selected context
9. Complete Anticipation Guide
10. Create self-produced guiding questions
 During Viewing Anchor Strategies
Stop, Clarify, Question, Infer
1. Stop (or pause) the video while viewing based on viewer preference
and monitoring of own understanding
2. Rewind to clarify understanding or uncover subtle data/events
3. Rewatch video with new purpose and perspective
4. Form relevant questions based on viewing
5. Clarify (e.g., information, bias, fact/opinion, ‘author’ position, etc.)
6. Monitor & Repair Understanding
7. Evaluate use of primary and secondary modalities
8. Make meaningful and personalized inferences (e.g., primary and
secondary audiences)
9. Infer underlying assumptions of video
10.Adjust viewing speed (i.e., use slow-motion) if available (e.g., physics
videos)
 After Viewing Anchor Strategies
Summarize, Analyze, Create, Socialize
1. Retell what happened; Paraphrase “standout” ideas
2. Summarize main idea and key supporting details
3. Recall own thinking and/or emotions during video (metacognition)
4. Modality Analysis (e.g., identify and analyze prevailing modalities and their
effect)
5. Metric Analysis (e.g., to infer social context with respect to total views, currently
watching, social shares, etc.)
6. Analyze idea organization of video
7. Create a word cloud (e.g., that reflects diction, tone, theme, etc.); Tweet,
comment on, blog, or otherwise socialize initial impressions in a way that
reflects digital citizenship
8. Socialize extended responses (e.g., in writing, on social media, etc.)
9. Categorize information and perspectives
10.Separate explicit and implicit ideas
Extended Viewing Comprehension Anchor Strategies
Reflect, Create, Critique, Design

1. Reflect on ‘fit’ of video with regards to Viewing Purpose

2. Compare & contrast video with similar video content
3. Create Anticipation Guide (for viewers who haven’t seen video)
4. Identify ‘big idea’ of video
5. Critique video for which modalities supported video purpose and
theme, and which seemed to distract
6. Roughly determine history of topic in similar and dissimilar media
7. RAFT thinking & extension (Role, Audience, Format,
Topic/Theme)
8. Prioritize ideas & information from least to most important
9. Distinguish between tone and mood of video
10.Design follow-up medium that extends and deepens purpose of
video
Sources:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2
22008635_Reading_listening_and_viewing_c
omprehension_in_English_as_a_foreign_lan
guage_One_or_more_constructs
https://www.teachthought.com/technology
/viewing-comprehension-strategies-
watching-videos-like-you-read-a-book/
THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS!