RADHARAMAN ENGINEERING

COLLEGE

Présentation on 4G Wireless
Technology

Name - Parag Sen

REC – CSE
0158cs081065
 4G-WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
1.INTRODUCTION to 4G:
 Abbreviation of fourth generation wireless technology

 It will provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice , data and

multimedia can be given to user on an “anytime , anywhere” basis.

 It includes several types of broadband wireless communication

system access including cellular telephone system.

 It will provide seamless mobility and internet access at a rate of 100

Mbps.
History of 4G technology
4G ANYWHERE ANYTIME
 Also known as ‘Mobile Broadband everywhere’

 ‘MAGIC’
◦ Mobile Multimedia Communication
◦ Anywhere, Anytime with Anyone
◦ Global Mobility Support
◦ Integrated Wireless Solution
◦ Customized Personal Service

 Theoretically, 4G is set to deliver 100mbps to a roaming mobile device

globally, and up to 1Gbps to a stationary device.

 According to 4G Mobile Forum, by 2010 over $400 billion would be

invested in 4G mobile projects.
HOW 4G WORKS
 Each node will be assigned a 4G-IP address
(based on IPv6).
 Formed by a permanent “home IP address” and
a dynamic “care-of ” address that represents
its actual location.
 When a device (computer) in the Internet wants
to communicate with another device (cell
phone) in the wireless network, the computer
will send a packet to the 4G-IP address of the
cell phone targeting on its home address.
 HOW 4G WORKS? contd
 The first set of the IP address (216.37.129.9) can be defined to
be the “home address”. It just likes the normal IP address that
we use for addressing in the Internet and network.
 Second set of the IP address (79.23.178.229) can be declared as
the “care-of address”. It is the address set up for the
communication from cell phones to computers
 The third set of the IP address (65.198.2.10) can be signed as a
tunnel (mobile IP address). An agent, a directory server, between
the cell phones and PC will use this mobile IP address to
establish a channel to cell phones.
 The last set of IP address (192.168.5.120) can be local network
address for virtual private network (VPN) sharing purpose.
 Technology used in 4G
 OFDM

 UWB

 Smart antennas

 IPv6
 OFDM(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)
 IT transmits large amounts of digital data over a radio wave.

 OFDM works by splitting the radio signal into multiple smaller sub-signals that are
then transmitted simultaneously at different frequencies to the receiver .

 In OFDM the subcarrier pulse used for transmission is rectangular.

 UWB(ultra wide band)
 An advanced technology that can be used in 4G technology.

 It is typically detected as noise.

 It can use any part of the frequency spectrum, which means that it can use
frequencies that are currently in use by other radio frequency devices .

 It uses a frequency of 3.1 to 10.6 Hz.

 It uses less power , since it transmits pulse instead of continuous signal.

 Special antennas are needed to tune and aim the signal.

 Smart Antennas
 smart antenna can be employed to find tune ,and turn up signal information.

 smart antenna can send signal back in the same direction that they come from.

There are two types of Smart Antennas-

 Switched Beam Antenna:- It has fixed beams of transmission, and switch from
predefined beam to another when the user with the phone moves throughout the sector.

 Adaptive Array Antenna :- It represents the most advanced smart antenna approach
to data using a variety of new signal It represent the most advanced smart antenna
approach to date using a variety of new signal processing algorithms to locate and
track the user, minimize interference, and maximize intended signal reception.
 IPv6

 IPv6 means Internet Protocol Version 6 .

 The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol which data is sent from one
computer to another on the internet.

 Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP that uniquely
identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.

 It includes128 bits, which is 4 times more than 32bits IP address in IPv4.

3G
1.Global roaming
2.High quality
wireless sound
3.Mobile TV

4G
1.High quality games
2.Video on demand
3.Mobile video
conference
4.Remote control for
Household devices
5.Mutli channel HiFi
TV broadband
5. Characteristics of 4G

 5.1 End-to-End Internet Protocol (IP):. It allows any mobile device to

seamlessly roam over different wireless technologies automatically,
using the best connection available for the intended use

 5.2 Peer-to-Peer networks: In this system, every device is both a

transceiver and a router/repeater for other devices in the network,
elimination of a single node does not disable the network. 4G can be
defined as "wireless ad hoc peer-to-peer networking.“

6. FUTURE APPLICATIONS:
 Sensors on public vehicles

 Cameras in traffic lights

 Tele-medicine

 Crisis(during difficulty)-management applications.

 In Military Applications
3. Need for 4G:

 3G performance is insufficient to meet

high performance future needs.

 Multiple incompatible(unable to be used together) standards. Global

mobility and service portability required.

 Need for hybrid(something made by combining 2 different things)

networks for both WLAN and cellular network design.

 Technology to utilize newly found modulation methods.

 Need for All IP network with converged(meeting the same point)

voice and data capability.

 Wider bandwidth.
Applications of 4G
 Virtual presence
 Virtual Navigation
 Tele Geo-processing applications
 Tele medicine and education
 Crisis management
 Multimedia (Bursting, streaming)
 7. Conclusion
 4G is the next upcoming wireless technology.

 It holds a lot of promises in solving today’s problems and tomorrow’s

needs.

 4G will also make worldwide roaming using a single handheld

device(mobile).

 4G networks may eventually deliver on all the promises. At times, it seems

that technological advances are being made on a daily basis. These
advances will make high-speed data/voice-over-Internet-protocol (VoIP)
networks a reality.

 This evolution will give the general public as well as the public safety
community amazing functionality from the convenience of a single
handheld device.
...Conclusion:
 Finally.,
I thank U Faculties for giving me this
nice chance of presentation –
presenting b4 u
 @ I thank u Friends for listening

silently and patiently.

1G
 Analog
–Continuous in amplitude and time
–Variations in the signal –disrupts over long distances
 Simplest type to wireless data

 Average between 4,800 to 9,600 bps (bits per second)

 2G

 Digital –consists of 1s and 0s

 Digital signal:

1) Low level, 2) High level, 3) Rising edge

4) Falling edge
2G contd-

 GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)

◦ Deployed in mid 1991 in Europe
◦ Benefit from the ability to roam and switch carriers without replacing
phones

 IS-95 (CDMA)
◦ Idea from military & Developed by Qualcomm
◦ Using CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) One Frequency all the
time
◦ Several transmitters to send information simultaneously over single
communication channel
3G
 The 3G technology adds multimedia facilities to 2G phones by
allowing video, audio, and graphics applications. Over 3G
phones, you can watch streaming video or have video
telephony.
 3G networks deliver broadband capacity and support greater
numbers of voice and data customers at lower incremental
costs than 2G.

Standards:
- W-CDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
- EVDO: Evolution-Data Optimized
CHARACTERSTICES OF 3G
 A single family of compatible standards that can be
used worldwide for all mobile applications.
 Support for both packet-switched and circuit-

switched data transmission.

 Data rates up to 2 Mbps (depending on mobility).
 High spectrum efficiency
DRAWBACKS BY GENERATION
1G
 Poor voice quality
 Poor battery life, 23

 Large phone size

 No security
 Frequent call drops,
 Limited capacity
DRAWBACKS BY GENERATION
2G
 The GSM is a circuit switched, connection oriented
technology, where the end systems are dedicated for
the entire call session. This causes inefficiency in
usage of bandwidth and resources.
 The GSM-enabled systems do not support high data

rates.
 They are unable to handle complex data such as

video.
DRAWBACKS BY GENERATION
3G
 High bandwidth requirement.
 High spectrum licensing fees.
 Huge capital.