Comparatives and superlatives
Comparative
Comparative adjectives enable us to express the
difference between two people or things. In order to
say that someone or something has a superior quality,
size, or characteristic, you need to use ‘more’. Instead,
when you want to say that someone or something has
an inferior quality, size, or characteristic, you must use
‘less’.
Superlative
We use superlatives to compare one person or thing
to several others.
In a similar way to comparatives, there are two ways
to use superlatives. When you want to say that one
person or thing is superior to all others in that
group, you need to use ‘the most’. When you want
to say that one person or thing is inferior to all
others in that group, you need to use ‘the least’.
Structure
The structure depends on the number of syllables, or
sounds, of the original adjective. Short, one-syllable
adjectives add “-er” for the comparative form followed
by “than,” while the superlative form uses “the” in front
of the original adjectives plus “-est” at the end.
Comparative:
Affirmative
Subject or thing + is/are + (adjective + er) + than +
subject or thing.
Negative
Subject or thing + isn’t/aren’t + (adjective + er) + than +
subject or thing.
Superlative:
Affirmative
Subject or thing + is/are + (adjective + est) + noun.
Examples
Comparatives
•My house is bigger than yours.
•Your grade is worse than mine.
•The Pacific Ocean is deeper than the Arctic Ocean.
Superlative
•I can't find my most comfortable jeans.
•The runt of the litter is the smallest.
•Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar system.
 Expressions of quantity

Definition Uses

There are many phrases used to express quantities and amounts in

English. In general, "much" and "many" are the standard quantifiers
used to express large quantities. Which expression you use will
often depend on whether the noun is countable or uncountable,
and whether the sentence is negative or positive.
While "much" and "many“ are among the most common, the
following expressions are often used in place of "much" and "many,"
especially in positive sentences:
•A lot of
•Lots of
•Plenty of
•A great deal of
•A large number of
• Much with uncountable nouns
Use much with singular nouns.
• Many with countable nouns
Use many with plurals.
Much and many are used in questions an negatives. In affirmative
sentences prefer a lot of/ lots of.
• (a) few or (a) little - expressions of quantity
a few ...
(A) few is used with plurals: a few pounds, a few trees a few boys, a
few girls, a few stones, a few cars.
• a little...
(A) little is used with singular nouns (uncountable) nouns: a
little water, a little milk, a little sand, a little air.
• a lot of / lots of
Use a lot of or lots of for nouns, you cannot count and for plurals.
These adverbs of quantity refer to frequency, quantity and degree .

Examples

How much money do I need?

How many sisters does he have?
There are just a few examples.
Not a lot, only a little, please.
There are a lot of cookies.