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    There are many varieties of English spoken around the world. Traditionally, there was a view that English should be standardized and preserved in its hierarchical structure. However, a more progressive view sees English as pluricentric, with varieties developing respecting different cultures and political contexts. The debate centers around whether there should be a single standard form and whose it should be. Characteristics of a standard include having no territorial base but being the prestige variety used in administration and education, though not everyone's native dialect. World Englishes recognizes localized varieties influenced by local languages, with acrolect being most prestigious and basilect least. Philippine English exhibits phonological features like absence of certain consonant sounds and addition of vowels, as well

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    There are many varieties of English spoken around the world. Traditionally, there was a view that English should be standardized and preserved in its hierarchical structure. However, a more progressive view sees English as pluricentric, with varieties developing respecting different cultures and political contexts. The debate centers around whether there should be a single standard form and whose it should be. Characteristics of a standard include having no territorial base but being the prestige variety used in administration and education, though not everyone's native dialect. World Englishes recognizes localized varieties influenced by local languages, with acrolect being most prestigious and basilect least. Philippine English exhibits phonological features like absence of certain consonant sounds and addition of vowels, as well

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    22 views30 pages

    Varieties of English UPDT

    Uploaded by

    葉長榮
    There are many varieties of English spoken around the world. Traditionally, there was a view that English should be standardized and preserved in its hierarchical structure. However, a more progressive view sees English as pluricentric, with varieties developing respecting different cultures and political contexts. The debate centers around whether there should be a single standard form and whose it should be. Characteristics of a standard include having no territorial base but being the prestige variety used in administration and education, though not everyone's native dialect. World Englishes recognizes localized varieties influenced by local languages, with acrolect being most prestigious and basilect least. Philippine English exhibits phonological features like absence of certain consonant sounds and addition of vowels, as well

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    of 30

    Varieties of English

    How many varieties of English do we have?

    MANY
    2
    Two Schools of Thought

    1. Traditional School 2. Progressive School

     Sir Randolph Quirk  Braj Kachru

     Monolithic view of English  Pluricentric view of English


     Preserve the hierarchical  focus on respective cultural
    structure of English and political needs

    3
    4
    5
    The Quirk-Kachru debate:
    Monocentric vs pluricentric English

    6
    7
    “
    Should there be a
    Standard?
    Whose? Why?
    8
    Characteristics of Standard English
    (Crystal, 1994)
    1) Standard English (SE) is a variety or a dialect which has no territorial base.

    2) The defining language features are grammar, lexicon, and orthography.


    Pronunciation is not part of the SE definition.

    3). SE is the variety with the highest social prestige. Adult members of the
    speech community usually value SE and want their children to be educated in
    this variety.

    9
    Characteristics of Standard English
    (Crystal, 1994)

    4) SE is understood, though not necessarily spoken and written, by most


    members of the community, and it is used by administrators, in universities, and
    in courts of law.

    5) Only a minority of the population speak SE as their mother tongue. Most


    people speak regional dialects.

    10
    11
    World Englishes
    Localized varieties of English as they are used or
    spoken in certain areas

    English as spoken around the world and regarded


    as comprising numerous differing regional varieties
    (usually excluding those of Britain and the United
    States).
    12
    World Englishes

    the concept was introduced by Braj Kachuru

    “Three Concentric Circles of Asian Englishes”

    13
    English as a Foreign Language (EFL)
     Norm-dependent

    English as a Second Language (ESL)


     Norm-developing

    English as a Native Language (ENL)


     Norm-providing

    14
    DIFFERENTIATION OF THE VARIETIES OF ENGLISH

    ACROLECT
    the highest or most prestigious variety
    comes closest to the standard
    MESOLECT
    middle variety or midway between acrolect and basilect
    BASILECT
    the lowest or least prestigious variety
    comes closest to the pidgin
    15
    “
    Kachru and Nelson (2006) mentioned that these
    varieties of English are influenced by the local
    language(s) in various areas of their grammars and
    exhibit specific phonological, lexical, and
    discoursal characteristics.

    16
    1.
    Phonological
    features

    17
    1. Absence of labiodental fricatives (Bautista & Gonzalez, 2006)

    • Voiceless /f/ (fabric, form)


    • Voived /v/ (vain, vote)

    *this feature is present in Ibanag


    nafafatu (very hot), inafi (rice), bavi (pig), uvovug (speak)

    18
    2. Absence of the vowel reduction rule and a tendency
    toward spelling pronunciation (Bautista & Gonzalez, 2006)

    • International, salmon, almond

    19
    3. Substitution of [t] for soft –th; [d] for hard –th (Bautista
    & Gonzalez, 2006)

    • bath – bat, the – da

    20
    5. Addition of a vowel before an initial consonant (Tayao,
    2004)

    • /iskul/ for ‘school’

    21
    6. the voiced fricative /z/ is not a feature of PE (Berowa,
    2018)

    • because [bɪkɔs], always [ɔlwes]

    22
    Lexical features

    23
    1. Normal expansion (Pampers - disposable diaper)
    2. Unidiomatic verb-preposition combination (fill up the
    form)
    3. Combination of English and 1 borrowed element
    (balikbayan box, sari-sari store)
    4. Clipping (aircon, sem)

    24
    Grammatical features

    25
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    27
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    “
    Your (Philippine) English is as valid and as legitimate as
    Singaporean English, or Australian English, or British
    English, or any variety of English out there. No variety is
    more superior to, or more inferior from, other varieties!
    DR. SHIRLEY DITA

    29
    Thanks!
    Any questions?

    30

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