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Sustainable Development and Climate Change
Sustainable Development and Climate Change
Sustainable Development and Climate Change
&
Sustainable Development
2
Environmental Issues
Climate
Mean and variability of temperature,
precipitation and wind over a period
of time, ranging from months to
millions of years.
Causes of Climate Change
Natural
Solar Cycle, Solar output
Earth’s Orbit, Tilt of the axis
Volcanic Eruptions
6
What is Climate Change (CC) ?
UNFCCC definition
“Change of climate which is attributed directly or
indirectly to human activity that alters the
composition of the global atmosphere & which is
in addition to natural climate variability observed
over comparable time periods”
7
Global Climate Change
Greenhouse gases concentrations are
increased.
eg: Pre industrial level
CO2 concentration = 270ppm
Present level
CO2 Concentration over 400ppm
By year 2100, projected CO2
concentration is about 540 to 970
ppm
Cont..
• According to the latest estimates, global
average temperature is expected to rise
between 1.4 to 5.8 oC during the period
1990-2100.
13
The Annex I countries' share of CO2 emissions in 1990.
15
16
Per capita emission of CO2
Country Per capita emission of CO2 (tonnes)
1990 2004
USA 19.3 20.6
China 2.1 3.8
Russia 13.4 10.6
India 0.8 1.2
Japan 8.7 9.9
Bangladesh 0.04 0.05
Pakistan 0.16 0.18
Sri Lanka 0.06 0.11
Human activity is the main
cause of the changes seen
in climate.
1. Deforestation
- produces 18 per cent of
global CO2
3. Population Growth
- World’s population
growth increases demand for
food, livestock and energy
19
Greenhouse Gases
The three major 'green house
gases' (which trap the Sun's
heat in our atmosphere and
cause global warming) have
risen steadily over the past
three decades
22
1.4 to 5.8 deg C
Melting of Glaciers
Warming temperature has resulted in melting of ice sheets.
24
Sea level rise
Thinning sea ice and melting of glaciers add
mass to the ocean.
Warmer water causes thermal expansion of sea
water.
The current rate of sea level rise is about 4mm
( 0.16 in) per year.
28
30
Sri Lanka
is being
in serious
water
stress Dry zone is
getting more
drier
32
Physical Impacts
Effects on weather
Extreme weather events
Prolong drought
33
Being a developing country and also an
island nation, Sri Lanka is very much
vulnerable to climate change impacts.
1. Temperature rise
2. Sea level rise
3. Droughts
4. High intensity Rainfall
5. Increased thunder activity
6.Threats to food supply
7.Threats to fresh water supply
8. Loss of Biodiversity
9. Threats to human health
Major objective
“Industrialized countries should
reduce their combined GHG
emission by at least 5% compared
to their emission levels in 1990 ,
during the period 2008-2012”.
Options Available
– Hydro
– Wind
– solar
– Organic Waste
– Forestry
– Bio Mass
– Other (Agi, Plantation)
41
Developed countries should have at
least 80% emission cuts by 2050
and developing countries should
have 20 % emission cuts.
As a developing country Sri Lanka..
Willing to undertake the NAMA with
adequate financial support.
Reducing deforestation and forest
degradation and conserving and
sustainable managing forest and
enhancement of forest as a carbon
sinks is a priority.
Sustainable Development?
Economic issues
Social issues
Environmental issues
Standard of living is determined
by our consumption.
Consumption…
What do we need on this Planet
Quality of Life?
Are we getting it through current
Economic Development Models?
OR
Does Quality of Life mean
Breathing fresh Air/Drinking fresh
water
Having a good education
Having good health
Having comfort and convenience
CONSUMPTION
PRODUCTION
Can we achieve Sustainable Consumption
and Production
Resource decoupling is achieved
through
Reduction in Resource intensity
Recovery of Resources
Redesign of Products
Reduction of Consumption
Different Approaches /Strategies
towards
Sustainable Development
Waste Minimization
Pollution Prevention
Cleaner Production
Eco Efficiency
Resource Sustainability (Closing the
Loop)
Sustainable Production
Sustainable Production is
“Resource Efficient
and
Cleaner Production”
Production / Service Process
Air Emissions
Energy
Finished Goods and Services
Raw Materials
Waste Water
Water
Solid Waste
History of Responses to Pollution
Sustainable
2000 Development
1970 Recycling
Ignore the Problem
“Dilution is the Solution
to Pollution”
1960
(Treatment)
Industrial Revolution
Dump
Man at peace with Dispose
Environment Disperse
Pollution & Resource Depletion is due to
WASTE
Sustainable Consumption is
“INTELLIGENT
CONSUMPTION”
Shedding away the emotional Consumption
patterns”
Increasing Resource Consumption with Changes in Society
Extraction &
Processing of Raw
Material
Stages of a
Typical
Life Cycle
Use Distribution
Extraction and
Processing
of
Raw Material
Recycling / Disposal
at Manufacturing
End of Life
Stages of
a
Typical
Use, Reuse & Life Cycle
Maintenance
of Packaging
Product
Marketing
and
Transport
Extraction and
Processing
of
Raw Material
Recycling / Disposal
at Manufacturing
End of Life
Stages of
a
Typical
Use, Reuse & Life Cycle
Maintenance
of Packaging
Product
Marketing
and
Transport
Natural Resources of Sri
Lanka
Trends and Conditions
NSF Publication…
Mineral, Water, Air,
Marine resources,
Biodiversity,
Forestry, Wildlife,
Environmental planning
Resource or problem…..
Our economy is brown..!
We are polluting our surroundings
AIR - Unlimited pollution of air is
allowed by law
LAND – unlimited Solid waste is
dumped openly
WATER – unlimited discharge of
51 Ministries
425 Line agencies
Government System in SL
Central Government
9 Provincial Councils
335 Local Authorities (23 Municipal
Councils,
41 Urban Councils, 271 Divisional
Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs)
Irrigation
Biodiversity
More
USA development
More meat !
Brazil
Year
UK
China