2G Um Interface and Radio Channels ISSUE2.1

Um Interface and
Radio Channels
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contents
1. Overview
2. Processing of Voice Signal
3. Radio Channel
Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Radio Interface
Another MSC
PSTN
ISDN
BTS
BSC
MS A-bis A MSC/VLR
HLR/AUC
MS
SMC
OMC
Um
Hierarchical Structure of Um Interface
Communication management (CM)
Network application layer (L3)
Mobility and security management
(MM)
Radio resources management (RR)
Data link layer (L2)

Integrated management
RACH BCCH AGCH/PCH SDCCH SACCH TCH FACCH
Physical link layer (L1) TCH0 TCH1 TCH2 。。 SACCH 。。 TCH23 IDL
Multiframe
Radio Access Technology
CDMA
Time
Power
CDMA
Code
cy
Tim u en
eq
e Fr
TDMA Frequency
Time TDMA
Power
y
e nc
Tim qu
e Fre
FDMA Frequency
U
Us ser
Us User er Time
Us Us er
e FDMA
Power
Us Uesrer r
er
y c
Tim u en
q
e Fr
e Frequency
Contents
1. Overview
3. Radio Channel
Voice Signal Processing
8KHz,13bi 13kbit/s
t
20 ms
Voice
(A/D) Segmentation Speech coding Channel coding
22.8kbit/s
33.8kbit/s
Transmission
Interleaving Encryption) Burst formatting Modulation
Analog-Digital Conversion
Speech Coding
 The Enhance Full Rate coding mode is called CELP (Code Excited Linear Predic
tive Coding)
 The Full Rate coding mode is called RPE-LTP (Regular Pulse Excited-Long Term
Prediction).
 The Half Rate coding mode is called VCELP (Vector-Sum Excited Linear Prediction)
244 bits(EFR) 12.2kbit/s

8KHz,13bi 260 bits(FR) 13kbit/s
t 112 bits(HR) 5.6kbit/s
20 ms
Voice
(A/D)
A/D) Segmentation Speech coding
Channel Coding
Block
Coder
1:2
Convolutional
Coder
8KHz,13bi 244 bits(EFR) 12.2kbit/s

t 260 bits(FR) 13kbit/s 456bits(FR/EFR) 22.8kbit/s
20 ms 112 bits(HR) 5.6kbit/s 228bits(HR) 11.4kbit/s
Voice
(A/D)
A/D) Segmentation Speech coding Channel coding
Interleaving
B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ... ... 452 453 454 455 456
First interleaving: B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
. . . . . . . .
.... . . . . . . . .
....
. . . . . . . .
449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456
Second interleaving:
{A4,B0} {A5,B1} {A6,B2} {A7,B3} {B4,C0} {B5,C1} {B6,C2} {B7,C3}
Voice Burst
Guard
Tail Data Training sequence Dat Tail period
bit a bit
3 3 3
bits
57 encrypted bits 1 26 bits 1 57 encrypted bits bits 8.25 bits
13kbit/
8KHz,13bit s
20 ms
Voice
(A/D) Segmentation Speech coding Channel coding
22.8kbit/s
33.8kbit/
s Transmission
Interleaving Encryption)
Encryption) Burst formatting Modulation
Voice Signal Processing
Mobile equipment
GSM Network
Speaker
Transmitter Receiver Receiver Transmitter

Modulator Demodulator Demodulator Modulator
33.8 kbit/s
Burst formatting Adaptive Adaptive Burst formatting
Ciphering Equalization Equalization Ciphering
Interleaving De-ciphering De-ciphering Interleaving
22.8 kbit/s
De-interleaving De-interleaving
Channel coding Channel coding
13 kbit/s 13 kbit/s
Speech coding Channel decoding Channel Decoding
D/D-conversion
Segmentation Speech decoding Receiving part 8 kHz
8 kHz
8 bits
13 bits D/A-conversion
64 kbit/s PCM
A/D-conversion
Receiving part Transmitting part
Microphone
Transmitting part
Timing Advance (TA)
The mobile phone should

send the signal in advance!!
TA
Transmission delay t
Transmission delay t
Frequency Hopping
Frequency
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Frame Time
DTX
 DTX: Discontinuous Transmission
 Shut off the transmission at voice intervals;
 Only transmit SID frames’
 The transcoder at the RX terminal produces comfortable noise.
 VAD: Voice Activity Detection

 Implemented by the transcoder.
Prolong battery life and

reduce interference
Power Control
 Prolong battery life
 Reduce network interference
 Include both uplink power control and downlink power control
 Level and quality are taken into account
 BSC or BTS is the final adjudicator
Signal level
Target level value:

BCCH Carrier is not involved e.g. -85 dm
in power control.
Time
Contents
1. Overview
3. Radio Channel
Frame and Channel
Frequency
200kHz
BP Time
Slit
15/26ms
Physical Channel of Logical Channel
TDMA FRAME
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3
200K
577 s
Physical
Channel
Logical channel
Logical channel
different
Logical channel message
types
Logical channel
Logical channel
Burst
• Access burst (AB): Used in MS initial access
Tail bit Data Tail bit Guard interval
41 synchronous 36 encrypted
8bit bits bits
3bit 68.25bit
• Frequency correction burst (FB): Used in frequency synchronization between MS and BTS
Tail bit Data Tail bit Guard interval

3bit 142bit 3bit 8.25bit
• Synchronous burst (SB): Used in timing synchronization between MS and BTS
Tail bit Data Data Tail bit Guard interval

39 encrypted 39 encrypted
3bit bits
64 synchronous bits
bits
3bit 8.25bit
Burst
 Normal burst (NB)
 Used to carry the information of the traffic channel and the control channel except for
RACH
Tail bit Data Training sequence Data Tail bit Guard interval
3bit 57 encrypted bits 1 26bit 1 57 encrypted bits 3bit 8.25bit
Frame stealing flag
 Dummy burst (DB)

 Used in transmission of filling frames by BTS at timeslots when there is no information delivered
Tail bit Tail bit Guard interval
3bit 142 modulation bits 3bit 8.25bit
Logical Channel Type
 GSM900 and DCS1800 have the same logical channel category
Logical channel
Common channel Dedicated channel

(CCH) (DCH)
Broadcast control channel Common control channel Control channel Voice channel
(BCH) (CCCH) (TCH)
FCCH SCH BCCH PCH AGCH RACH FACCH TCH/F TCH/H

SDCCH
(system information)
SACCH
Downlink Logical Channel
FCCH
Common BCCH SCH
Channel BCCH
PCH
CCCH
AGCH
SDCCH
Dedicated DCCH SACCH
Channel FACCH
TCH/F
TCH
TCH/H
Uplink Logical Channel
Common
channel
RACH CCCH
SDCCH
DCCH Dedicated
SACCH
channel
FACCH
TCH/F
TCH
TCH/H
Use of Logical Channels
Power-on Search for frequency correction burst FCCH
Search for synchronous burst SCH
Listen to the system information BCCH
Idle mode Monitor paging message PCH
Send access burst RACH

Allocate signaling channel AGCH
Dedicated mode Set up the call SDCCH
Allocate voice channel SDCCH
Conversation TCH
Release the call FACCH
Idle mode
Physical Combination of Logical Channel
26-frame multi-frame
TCH/F+FACCH/F+SACCH/F (full-rate TCH)
TCH/H+FACCH/H+SACCH/H (half-rate TCH)
51-frames multi-frame
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH (main BCCH)
FCCH+SCH+BCCH+CCCH+SDCCH/4+SACCH/4 (combined BCCH)
BCCH+CCCH (extended BCCH)
SDCCH/8+SACCH/8 (main SDCCH)
Structure of Main BCCH
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Downlink
Group3,4
Group Group1 Group2 (same as Grpup5
Group2)
Channel F S BX4 CX4 F S CX4 CX4 …… F S CX4 CX4 I
Frame
0 1 2-5 6-9 10 11 12-15 16-19 20-39 40 41 42-45 46-49 50
Number
1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink
Channel R R R R R R R R R R R R R R……R R R R R
Frame
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13-46 47 48 49 50
Number
F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; R:RACH; I:IDLE
Structure of Combined BCCH
Group Group1 Group2 Group3 Group4 Grpup5
B× C× C× C× D0 D1 D2 D3 A0 A1
Channel F S F S F S F S F S I
4 4 4 4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4
B× C× C× C× D0 D1 D2 D3 A2 A3
Channel F S F S F S F S F S I
4 4 4 4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4 ×4
Frame 12- 16- 22- 26- 32- 36- 42- 46-

0 1 2-5 6-9 10 11 20 21 30 31 40 41 50
Number 15 19 25 29 35 39 45 49
Channel D3×4 R R A2×4 A3×4 R……R D0×4 D1×4 R R D2×4
Channel D0×4 R R A0×4 A1×4 R……R D0×4 D1×4 R R D2×4
Frame
0-3 4 5 6-9 10-13 14-36 37-40 41-44 45 46 47-50
Number
F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; D:SDCCH ;A:SACCH; R:RACH; I:IDLE
Structure of Logical Channel Combination
Frame-Main SDCCH
D0× D1× D2× D3× D4× D5× D6× D7× A0× A1× A2× A3×
Channel I I I
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
D0× D1× D2× D3× D4× D5× D6× D7× A4× A5× A6× A7×
Channel I I I
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Frame 12- 16- 20- 24- 28- 32- 36- 40- 44-
0-3 4-7 8-11 48 49 50
Number 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 43 47
A5× A6× A7× D0× D1 D2× D3× D4× D5× D6× D7× A0×
Channel I I I
4 4 4 4 ×4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
A1× A2× A3× D0× D1 D2× D3× D4× D5× D6× D7× A4×
Channel I I I
4 4 4 4 ×4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Frame 15- 19- 23- 27- 31- 35- 39- 43- 47-
0-3 4-7 8-11 12 13 14
Number 18 22 26 30 34 38 42 46 50
D:SDCCH; A:SACCH; I:IDLE
Structure of Logical Channel Combination
Frame-TCH
Case of one full rate TCH
1 multi-frame (26TDMA Frames) 120ms
Channel T T T T T T T…T A T,,,T T T T T T T I
Frame Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6…11 12 13…18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Case of two half rate TCHs

1 multi-frame (26TDMA Frames) 120ms
Channel T t T t T t T…t A T,,,t T t T t T t a
Frame Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6…11 12 13…18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
T:TCH;A:SACCH; I:IDLE
Frame
1 hyper frame=2048 super-frames=2715648TDMA frames (3 hours, 28 minutes, 53 seconds and 760 milliseconds)
TCH 0 1 2 3 2044 2045 2046 2047

SACCH/T
FACCH BCCH
1 super-frame=1326TDMA frames (6.12 seconds) CCCH
SDCCH
0 1 2 3 47 48 49 50
0 1 24 25
1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms) 1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms)

0 1 24 25 0 1 49 50
1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms)

(1 bit duration: 48/13=3.68us)
TB 26 training TB GP
Normal burst (NB) 3 58 information bits sequences 58 information bits 3 8.25
TB GP
Frequency correction burst (FB) TB Constant bit 142 3 8.25
TB: Tail bit
3
TB GP GP: Guard period
Synchronous burst (SB) TB Information bit 39 Extended training sequence 64 Information bit 39
3 3 8.25
TB Synchronous sequence 41 TB GP 68.25
Access burst (AB) 3 Information bit 36 3
Configuration of Common Control Channel
Downlink CCCH Uplink CCCH
PCH AGCH RACH
How to determine the total CCCH resources of the cell? How to

allocate AGCH and PCH reasonably?
Summary
 In this course, we have learned:
 Processing of Voice Signal
 Radio Channel in Um Interface
 Key Technical in Um Interface
Thank you
www.huawei.com

2G Um Interface and Radio Channels ISSUE2.1

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Um Interface and

Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

2. Processing of Voice Signal

Radio resources management (RR)

Data link layer (L2)

RACH BCCH AGCH/PCH SDCCH SACCH TCH FACCH

2. Processing of Voice Signal

Interleaving Encryption) Burst formatting Modulation

244 bits(EFR) 12.2kbit/s

8KHz,13bi 244 bits(EFR) 12.2kbit/s

{A4,B0} {A5,B1} {A6,B2} {A7,B3} {B4,C0} {B5,C1} {B6,C2} {B7,C3}

Transmitter Receiver Receiver Transmitter

The mobile phone should

 VAD: Voice Activity Detection

Prolong battery life and

Target level value:

2. Processing of Voice Signal

Tail bit Data Tail bit Guard interval

• Synchronous burst (SB): Used in timing synchronization between MS and BTS

Tail bit Data Data Tail bit Guard interval

3bit 57 encrypted bits 1 26bit 1 57 encrypted bits 3bit 8.25bit

Frame stealing flag

 Dummy burst (DB)

Tail bit Tail bit Guard interval

3bit 142 modulation bits 3bit 8.25bit

Common channel Dedicated channel

FCCH SCH BCCH PCH AGCH RACH FACCH TCH/F TCH/H

Send access burst RACH

Channel F S BX4 CX4 F S CX4 CX4 …… F S CX4 CX4 I

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; R:RACH; I:IDLE

Group Group1 Group2 Group3 Group4 Grpup5

Frame 12- 16- 22- 26- 32- 36- 42- 46-

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

Channel D3×4 R R A2×4 A3×4 R……R D0×4 D1×4 R R D2×4

Channel D0×4 R R A0×4 A1×4 R……R D0×4 D1×4 R R D2×4

F:FCCH; S:SCH; B:BCCH; C:CCCH; D:SDCCH ;A:SACCH; R:RACH; I:IDLE

1 multi-frame (51TDMA Frames) 235.38ms Uplink

D:SDCCH; A:SACCH; I:IDLE

Channel T T T T T T T…T A T,,,T T T T T T T I

Frame Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6…11 12 13…18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Case of two half rate TCHs

Channel T t T t T t T…t A T,,,t T t T t T t a

Frame Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6…11 12 13…18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

TCH 0 1 2 3 2044 2045 2046 2047

1 multiframe=26TDMA frames (120ms) 1 multiframe=51TDMA frames (3060/13ms)

1TDMA frame=8 timeslots (120/26=4.615ms)

1 timeslot=156.25 bit duration (15/26=0.577ms)

Downlink CCCH Uplink CCCH

PCH AGCH RACH

How to determine the total CCCH resources of the cell? How to

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