2G Power Control ISSUE1.5

Power Control
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contents
1. Power Control Overview
2. HWⅠPower Control
3. HWⅡPower Control
Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Power Control Overview
 Power control
 Adjust the transmitting power of BTS and MS when needed.
 Based on measurement reports of BTS and MS
 Purpose
 Save the power of BTS and MS
 Reduce the interference of the network
 Increase the quality of the network
 Power control includes uplink power control and downlink power
control, Which are performed independently
 Uplink power control: Adjust TX power of MS to let BTS receive
stable signal, reduce the uplink co-channel and adjacent channel
interference, reduce power consumption of MS
 Downlink power control: Adjust BTS TX power to let MS receive
stable signal, reduce the downlink co-channel and adjacent channel
interference, reduce power consumption of BTS
 Process of power control commands
 It takes 3 measurement report periods(480ms/period) from command
sending to execution.
BTS sends the command for power SACCCH report period: BTS receives the
control and TA in SACCH header. 26X4=104 frames (480ms) measurement report
SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3 SA0 SA1 SA2 SA3
MS begins to send the

In the 26 multi-frames, MS adopts the new
measurement report of the
frame 12 sends power level and TA
last multi-frame.
SACCH.
MS obtains SACCH MS begins to set up a new SACCH header

block to report the new TA and power control
message.
 Huawei power control algorithm: HW I and HW II power control
Measurement
report pre-
processing
Power control
algorithm selection
GSM0508 power control HW I power control HW II power control

algorithm algorithm algorithm
 Power control judgment and the selection of HWI algorithm or HWII
algorithm
 Power control algorithm selected in power control data table
 Power control judgment is controlled by BTS measurement report pre-
processing item which can be selected in handover control data table
 MR. Pre-process (measurement report pre-processing): This switch decide
where power control be processed. If measurement report pre-processing is
“yes”, power control is processed in BTS, and when setting it “no”, power
control is processed in BSC
Contents
HW I Power Control
 HW I power control
 Process of HW I power control
 MR pre-processing
 Data configuration for HW I power control
 Comparison of uplink power control with downlink power control
HW I Power Control
 Process of HW I power control
Measurement report
pre-processing
Aim achieved Y
Power control calculation and

adjustment
HW I Power Control
 Original data of power control -- measurement report
Uplink MR
BTS Network
Downlink
measurement
report
HW I Power Control
 Measurement report
Uplink
measurement
report
Downlink
measurement
report
HW I Power Control
 Measurement report pre-processing -- interpolation
 Each measurement report has a serial number. When the serial
numbers are discontinuous, this indicates that some measurement
reports must be missed. In this case, the network will fill up the
measurement report according to interpolation algorithm.
Consecutive measurement report flow
MR MR MR MR
MR
Measurement Measurement report

serial number n+4
report serial
number n
3 missing measurement reports
HW I Power Control
 Measurement report pre-processing -- filtering
 Calculate average results of several consecutive measurement reports
to obtain the current information, reduce the influence of some
abnormal measurement reports for the judgment of power control.
Consecutive measurement report flow
MR MR MR
MR MR
MR
Filter
HW I Power Control
 HW I power control judgment (Stable adjustment stage)
 Transmitting power adjustment =
(expected stable uplink or downlink RXLEV – actual uplink or
downlink RXLEV) * uplink or downlink RXLEV compensation factor
+ (actual uplink or downlink RXQUAL - expected uplink or downlink
RXQUAL)*10* uplink or downlink quality compensation factor
 The final adjustment power level should not exceed the maximum
power control step size
 Final stable level = current level + transmitting power adjustment
HW I Power Control
 HW I power control judgment (Initial adjustment stage)
 Transmitting power adjustment = (actual initial RXLEV – exp
ected initial RXLEV) * uplink RXLEV compensation factor
 Final transmitting power = initial RXLEV – transmitting pow

er adjustment
 If the RXLEV lower than the expected initial RXLEV, power co

ntrol will not occur within initial adjustment stage
HW I Power Control Configuration
 HW I power control data configuration and parameter introduction
[BTS power control table]
Parameter Value Recommended
Meaning
name range value
The expected signal level of MS in stable status, Expected 0～63
DL RX_LEV
stable downlink signal level > downlink edge HO threshold， (-110 dBm– 35
Expected
Otherwise, ping-pang HO will be caused. -47 dBm)
The power adjustment value varies with this parameter. The 80％
DL RX_LEV
adjustment value caused by power level equal to the difference (signal ex-signal
Compensati 0～100％
between the expected signal level and the actual receiving rx)*80%=adjustme
on nt value
signal level multiply this factor.
DL Qual. 0～7
Expected signal quality of MS in stable status. 1
Expected Levels
The power adjustment value varies with this parameter. The 20％
DL
adjustment value caused by signal quality equal to [10*(quality
Qual.Comp 0～100％
10*difference between the expected signal quality level and the RX-quality
ensation
actual receiving signal quality level multiply this factor. EX)*20%]
Levels
MAX PC Maximum adjustment range in one BTS power control 0~16,
8
Step command 2dB each
step
[BTS power control table]
Parameter Recommended
Meaning Value range
name value
BTS PC Time interval for implementing two power control commands
1～10 5
Period (unit count of SACCH period)
Content: indicating the number of measurement reports in
which the average of uplink signal strength is taken before MS
Filter length
power adjustment at stable stage. The purpose is to remove
for DL 1～32 5
the influence of some abnormal reports. When the filter length
RX_LEV
is too long, the influence due to abnormal reports will be
weakened, but the MS power adjustment is not timely.
Indicating the minimum transmitting power allowed by the
BTS Min Tx base station. No matter what the original base station power
0~36dBm 4
power is, how many levels it can be down-tuned, the transmitting
power of the base station cannot be lower than this value.
1~16,
PC Adj. Indicating the maximum level the base station dynamic power
corresponding 16
Range can be adjusted
to 0~30dB
[MS power control data table]
Parameter Meaning Value range Recom-
name mended
value
Initial The expected BTS receiving signal level in the initial stage
0~63
RX_LEV when MS access the network. 30
(-110 dBm – -47 dBm)
expected
Stable The expected BTS receiving signal level in stable status.
0~63
EX_LEV Expected stable signal level > uplink margin HO threshold (-110 dBm – -47 dBm) 30
Expected (HO parameter). Otherwise, “ping-pang” HO will be caused.
UL RX_LEV Give an adjustment for the power control level value, the
compensati actual power level value MS should change is the result of
0~100％ 80％
on this parameter multiply the difference between the expected
uplink signal level and the actual BTS receiving signal level.
UL Qual. The expected BTS receiving signal quality in stable status.
Expected
UL Qual. The power adjustment value varies with this parameter. The
compensat adjustment value caused by signal quality equal to
0～100％ 20％
ion 10*difference between the expected signal quality level and
the actual receiving signal quality level times this factor.
Max PC The maximum level of MS power that can be dynamically Level 1~16,
step adjusted. 8
2dB/level.
[MS power control table]
Parameter name Meaning Value Value
range recommen
ded
PC interval Time interval between the implementations of two
0~30 5
power control algorithms; unit: SACCH period
Filter length for This is the number of measurement reports

Initial RX_LEV required for predicting the signal strength at the 1~32 2
initial stage. Unit: Measurement reports
Filter length for This is the number of measurement reports

stable RX_LEV required for predicting the signal strength at the
1-31 5
stable power control stage. Unit: Measurement
reports
Filter length for This is the number of the measurement reports

Qual. required for assessing signal quality at the stable 1~30 6
stage. Unit: Number of measurement reports
HW I Power Control
 Power control will not occur in case of these four conditions
 Both level and quality equal to the setting values (HW I power
control), or level and quality are within threshold band(HW II power
control)
 Adjusting range for MS less than error tolerance
 Adjusting range less than minimum power control step of BTS
 The RXLEV lower than the expected initial RXLEV within initial
adjustment stage
HW I Power Control
 HW I power control judgment
 Before judging the signal level to be adjusted, query the error tolerance table
according to the current transmitting power level. Adjustment will not be
done if the power adjustment value is less than the error tolerance value.
 Error tolerance table for 900M and 1800M is as follows:
1800M:
Level 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Error 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 2 2 2
tolerance
900M:
Level 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Error 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6
tolerance
HW I Power Control
 Comparison uplink and downlink of HW I power control .
 Similarity:
 1. To avoid frequently changes of signal level, the PC interval time between the
two consecutive uplink and downlink power control are limited.
 2. To reduce the influence caused by abnormal reports, all measurement reports
should be filtered.
 3. Both uplink and downlink power controls include level-specific and quality-
specific power controls.
 4. Both uplink and downlink power controls have maximum power control step
size limit and compensating factor.
HW I Power Control
 Comparison uplink and downlink of HW I power control .
 Differentia:
 1. Including power control for the stable stage, MS also has power control
when MS access the network, thus to reduce transmitting power of MS as
soon as possible.
 2. For uplink, precautions are ready for increase MS transmitting power in
case HO fails.
 3. For downlink, there are maximum and minimum transmitting power
limits in power control data configuration.
 4. MS has the error tolerance table.
HW I Power Control
 HW I power control exercise
 Given conditions:
 900M MS transmitting at the maximum power, uplink receiving l
evel of the 900M BTS is –60dBm, uplink quality level is alwa
ys 0.
 Parameter configuration in [BTS power/MS power control table]
is as follows – “stable RX_LEV Expected” is 35, “UL RX_LE
V Compensation” is 80, “UL Qual. expected ” is 1, and “UL
Qual. compensation” is 20, and the max. PC step is 16dB.
Exercise
 Question:
 1. Suppose that power control will no longer be done once the power
value to be adjusted is less than 2dB, what is the approximate stable
power value after power control with the above data configuration?
 2. According to the error tolerance list, suppose the initial MS
transmitting power is level 3, what is the maximum uplink receiving
level in stable status after power control?
Exercise
 Answers for question 1:
 Stable level = current actual level + [(expected signal intensity in stable
status – current actual level) * uplink path loss compensating factor] +
[actual current quality – expected uplink signal quality) * 10 * uplink qu
ality compensating factor] = -60+[(-75-(-60))*80 ％ ]+[(0-1)*10*20 ％ ] = -6
0-12-2 ＝ -74dBm. Now it’s necessary to adjust -14dB (no larger than the
maximum power control step size), but it needs further adjustment because i
t fails to reach -75dBm, the “expected signal level in stable status”. Us
e -74 in the above formula again for calculation, and the power to be adjus
ted is -2.8dB. Because no power control adjustment will be done when the po
wer value to be adjusted is smaller than -2, it still needs to be changed 2
dB lower, so the uplink receiving level is -76dBm at last.
Exercise
 Answers for question 2:
 Query the error tolerance table, the tolerance of level 3 is 4dB, the
power to be adjusted for the second time is 2.8, which is less than 4 and
up to the requirement, so the final uplink receiving level is -74dBm in
stable status.
Contents
HW II Power Control
 Power control judgment process
Measurement report pre-

processing
The power control

demand according to the
receiving level
The power control

demand according
to receiving quality
General power control

judgement
Send the power control

command
HW II Power Control
 Measurement report compensation
 Purpose: Ensure the accuracy of selection of the history measurement report
before filtering.
 Implementation steps:
 1. Put the current receiving measurement report into the measurement report
compensation queue.
 2. Record the changed information of the transmitting power according to the MS
and BTS power levels in the measurement report.
 3. After finish the measurement report interpolation, system will compensate the
receiving level of the history measurement report according to the power change
information. The compensated measurement reports will be the original data in the
filter process.
 4. Filter the compensated measurement reports.
HW II Power Control
 Measurement report compensation
Power control effect diagram of measurement report compensation

70
60 Diagram when there is no power control
Power control diagram when there is

50 measurement report compensation
Y axis
40
Power control diagram when there is no
measurement report compensation
30
20
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
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8
9
12
15
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35
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41
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48
49
50
X axis
The
Theexpected
expectedreceiving
receivingsignal
signallevel:
level:30
30
The
Thepower
powercontrol
controlwill
willbe
bemore
moreeffective
effectivewith
withmeasurement
measurementreport
reportcompensation.
compensation.
HW II Power Control
 Measurement report prediction
 Purpose: Avoid power control later than needed, the delay is
dangerous in case of poor level or bad quality
 Implementation procedure
 1. Analyze the tendency of MR by the historical measurement reports
after interpolation.
 2. Guide by the tendency, to predict the values of measurement report to
be received. There are 0~3 measurement reports prediction, which are
configured on OMC.
 3. Filter the interpolated, compensated and predicted measurement
reports, and implement power control judgment.
HW II Power Control
 Measurement report prediction
Diagram of power control effect comparison between prediction filter and mean filter
50
45
40 No power control
Y axis
35 Mean filter power

control
30
Prediction filter power
25 control
20
15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
15
16
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20
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36
11
13
19
32
37
38
39
40
41
42
44
45
46
47
48
49
43
50
X axis
The
Theexpected
expectedreceiving
receivingsignal
signallevel:
level:30
30
The
Thepower
powercontrol
controlwith
withprediction
predictionfilter
filterwill
willbebemore
moreeffective
effective than
thanthat
thatwith
with
mean
meanfilter
filter
HW II Power Control Implementation
 Power control demand based on receiving level.
 After measurement report pre-processing, the power control module
makes a comparison between the expected signal level and the
current receiving signal level.
 Calculate the transmitting power level step size to be adjusted,
making the receiving level value closer to the expected value.
 Adopt variable step size when adjusting the transmitting power
according to the receiving level, so as to achieve the expected level
as soon as possible.
 Power control demand based on receiving quality
 After measurement report pre-processing, the power control module makes
comparison between the expected quality level and the current receiving
quality level.
 Calculate the step size of the transmitting power level to be adjusted.
 Increase the transmitting power in case of poor receiving quality.
 Decrease the transmitting power in case of good receiving quality.
 Adopt fixed step size when adjust the transmitting power according to the
receiving quality.
 General power control judgment
Power control by receiving Power control by receiving Power control by signal level and
level quality quality
↓ AdjStep_Lev ↓ AdjStep_Qul ↓ max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul)
↓ AdjStep_Lev ↑ AdjStep_Qul No action
↓ AdjStep_Lev No action ↓ AdjStep_Lev
↑AdjStep_Lev ↓ AdjStep_Qul ↑AdjStep_Lev
↑AdjStep_Lev ↑ AdjStep_Qul ↑ max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul)
↑AdjStep_Lev No action ↑AdjStep_Lev
No action ↓ AdjStep_Qul ↓ AdjStep_A
No action ↑ AdjStep_Qul ↑ AdjStep_B
No action No action No action
HW II Power Control Feature
 Adaptive power control:
 Adaptive power control refers to changeable power control strategy
according to the communication environment, it makes power
control more effective and stable.
 Automatically change the adjustable maximum step size of power control
according to different communication environment (different receiving
quality).
 Adopt different power control strategies according to different
communication environments (different receiving quality and level).
 Max. step is different between increase and decrease.
HW II Power Control Feature
 Power control within the upper/lower thresholds
 As for HW II power control in case of calculating power control
step size according to signal level and quality, the signal level and
quality have upper/lower thresholds. Power control will not
execute if the signal level and quality is within the threshold bands.
 Avoid the signal level up-and-down caused by power control.
 The upper threshold can be increased dynamically in case of bad
quality.
HW II Power Control Advantages
 Measurement report compensation -- makes power control
judgment more accurate
 Measurement report prediction --to avoid power control later than
needed, the delay is dangerous in case of poor level or bad quality
 Power control expected signal level and quality threshold falls
within a band, this avoids receiving signal level fluctuate up and
down frequently
HW II Power Control Configuration
[HW II power control table] main parameters – 1
Meaning
name range value
filter length
How many uplink measurement reports obtained for the average
for UL 1~20 6
uplink signal level to be used for uplink power control adjustment.
RX_LEV
filter length How many downlink measurement reports obtained for the average
for DL downlink signal level to be used for downlink power control 1~20 6
RX_LEV adjustment.
filter length How many uplink measurement reports obtained for the average
1~20 6
for UL Qual. uplink quality level to be used for uplink power control adjustment.
How many downlink measurement reports obtained for the average
filter length
downlink quality level to be used for downlink power control 1~20 6
for DL Qual.
adjustment.
If “yes”, System put the currently received measurement report into
the measurement report compensation queue, and record the
MR
transmitting power information according to MS and BTS power
compensation Yes, no Yes
values. And then interpolation, compensate the receiving level
allowed
value of the record measurement report according to the power
change information.
UL MR
The number of uplink pred. MR in the filter using for power control 0~3
number 2
judgment. reports
predicted
DL MR
The number of downlink pred. MR in the filter using for power 0~3
number 2
control judgment. reports
predicted
Meaning
name range value
1~30
PC interval Time between two power control command implementation (SACCH 5
period)
This parameter specifies the uplink signal level upper threshold.
When the signal level higher than this value, calculate a power
UL RX_LEV 0~63
decrement [=receiving level - (upper threshold + lower
upper (-110 dBm 35
threshold)/2]. This decrement value should consider together with – -47 dBm)
threshold
the maximum step size allowed for different quality zone which
the receiving signal quality located.
This parameter specifies the uplink signal level lower threshold.
When the signal level lower than this value, calculate a power
UL RX_LEV 0~63
increase [= (upper threshold + lower threshold)/2- receiving level].
lower (-110 dBm 25
This increase also consider together with the maximum step size – -47 dBm)
threshold
allowed for different quality zone which the receiving signal
quality located.
UL Qual.
Level
upper This parameter specifies the uplink quality upper threshold. 0
0~7
threshold
UL Qual.
This parameter specifies the uplink quality lower threshold for Level
lower 2
power control 0~7
threshold

Meaning
name range value
This parameter specifies the downlink signal level upper
threshold. When the signal level higher than this value,
calculate a power decrement [=receiving level – (upper 0~63
DL RX_LEV
threshold + lower threshold)/2]. This decrement should (-110 dBm – 40
upper threshold -47 dBm)
consider together with the maximum step size allowed for
different quality zone which the receiving signal quality
located.
This parameter specifies the downlink signal level lower

threshold. When the signal level lower than this value,
DL EX_LEV calculate a power increase [= (upper threshold + lower 0~63
(-110 dBm – 30
lower threshold threshold)/2- receiving level]. This increase also consider -47 dBm)
together with the maximum step size allowed for different
quality zone which the receiving signal quality located.
DL Qual. upper This parameter specifies the downlink quality upper

Level 0~7 0
threshold threshold for power control
DL Qual. lower This parameter specifies the downlink quality lower

Level 0~7 2
threshold threshold for power control
Meaning Value range
name value
MAX Down Adj.
This parameter specifies the maximum downward
value Qual. 0~30dB 16
power adjustment value when the Rx quality is 0.
zone 0
MAX Down Adj. This parameter specifies the maximum downward

value Qual. power adjustment value when the Rx quality is 1 or 0~30dB 8
zone 1 2
MAX Down Adj. This parameter specifies the maximum downward

value Qual. power adjustment value when the Rx quality is 0~30dB 4
zone 2 equal to or more than 3.
MAX Down Adj.

The adjustment step allowed for the downward
PC Value by 0~4dB 4
power control due to receiving signal quality.
Qual.
Meaning Value range
name value
MAX Up Adj.
It is used to set the maximum adjustment step for
PC Value by 0~32dB 16
upward power control by receive level.
RX_LEV
MAX Up Adj.
It is used to set the maximum adjustment step for
PC Value by 0~32dB 8
upward power control by receive quality.
Qual.
In uplink power control, when the receiving quality

of uplink is not less than this start threshold, the
actual "upper threshold of signal strength of uplink"
UL Qual. Bad
will be added with "upper threshold offset of level 0~7 5
TrigThrsh
when the receiving quality of uplink is poor" in the
data configuration. Thus, the expected level in
uplink power control can be increased furthermore.
In uplink power control, when the receiving quality is

not less than "start threshold when the receiving
UL Qual. Bad
quality of uplink is poor", the actual "upper threshold 0~63dB 0
UpLEVDiff
of signal strength of uplink" will be added with this
offset value.
Meaning Value range
name value
In downlink power control, when the receiving
quality of downlink is not less than this start
threshold, the actual "upper threshold of signal
DL Qual. Bad strength of downlink" will be added with "upper
0~7 5
TrigThrsh threshold offset of level when the receiving quality
of downlink is poor" in the data configuration. Thus,
the expected level in downlink power control can be
increased furthermore.
In downlink power control, when the receiving
quality is not less than "start threshold when the
DL Qual. Bad
receiving quality of downlink is poor", the actual 0~63dB 0
UpLEVDiff
"upper threshold of signal strength of downlink" will
be added with this offset value.
Exercise
 Exercises for HW II power control
 Given conditions:
 The uplink receiving level is -55dBm, the quality is level 0. Power control
algorithm is HW II.
 Data configuration is as follows: Uplink signal level upper threshold: -60dBm,
uplink signal level lower threshold: - 80dBm. Uplink signal upper quality
threshold: level 1. Uplink signal lower quality threshold: level 2. The downward
adjustable step size of quality band 0 is 16dB, of quality band 1 is 8dB, and of
quality 2 is 4 dB. The upward adjustable step size of receiving level is 16dB. The
upward or downward adjustable step size for power control by quality are both
4dB.
 Question: What will be the uplink stable receiving level after power control?
Exercise
 Answer.
 First, transmitting power to be reduced according to receiving level
= actual receiving level -(uplink signal level upper threshold + upli
nk signal level lower threshold)/2 ＝ -55- (-60 + (-80))/2 ＝ (-55)-(-
70) ＝ 15dB. As the receiving quality is level 0, downward adjustable
step size of quality band 0 can be used -- decrease 16dB.
 Second, the transmitting power to be decreased according to receiving
quality = as “power control adjustment step size by quality” is 4dB
, thus decrease 4dB.
 Therefore, according to the general judgement on power control, 15dB
should be decreased.
Exercise
 Answer .
 After the implementation of step 1 power control, the receiving level
becomes: -55dBm-15dB= -70dBm, Suppose the quality reach already in
level 1 here.
 First: the receiving level value is between -80dBm~-60dBm, needn’t
adjust.
 Second: the receiving quality value is between 0 and 2, needn’t adjust.
 Therefore, the uplink stable receiving level =-70dBm.
Thank you
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Power Control

Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

MS begins to send the

MS obtains SACCH MS begins to set up a new SACCH header

GSM0508 power control HW I power control HW II power control

Power control calculation and

Consecutive measurement report flow

Measurement Measurement report

Consecutive measurement report flow

 Final transmitting power = initial RXLEV – transmitting pow

 If the RXLEV lower than the expected initial RXLEV, power co

Filter length for This is the number of measurement reports

Filter length for This is the number of measurement reports

Filter length for This is the number of the measurement reports

Measurement report pre-

The power control

The power control

General power control

Send the power control

Power control effect diagram of measurement report compensation

60 Diagram when there is no power control

Power control diagram when there is

35 Mean filter power

Parameter Value Recommended

This parameter specifies the downlink signal level lower

DL Qual. upper This parameter specifies the downlink quality upper

DL Qual. lower This parameter specifies the downlink quality lower

MAX Down Adj. This parameter specifies the maximum downward

MAX Down Adj. This parameter specifies the maximum downward

MAX Down Adj.

In uplink power control, when the receiving quality

In uplink power control, when the receiving quality is

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