IEEE 802.

4 – Token Bus

By – SAGAR ADHIKARI
ROLL NO. - 129

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 IEEE 802.4 – Token Bus
Definition:
• Physically, the token bus is a linear or tree-shaped cable to which the
stations are attached .
• Logically the stations are organized into a Ring .

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 Introduction
• Token Bus is a physical bus that operates as a logical ring in LANs using
Tokens .
• Token Bus (IEEE 802.4) combines the features of Ethernet and Token
Ring .
• IEEE 802.4 token bus networks are constructed with 75-ohm coaxial
cable using a bus topology.
• A token is passed among a stations. If a station wants to send a data, it
must wait and capture the token.

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• The token is passed from one user to other in a Sequence (clockwise
or anticlockwise).
• A station can only transmit the data when it has the token.
• The logical ring is formed based on the MAC address of the station in
a Decreasing order.

• n stations takes T sec to send the frame . Station take nT sec to wait .

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Token Bus

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 Token Bus Logical Ring Organization
• When the ring is initialized stations are inserted
into it in order of station address from
highest to lowest .
• Whenever a station acquires the token
it can transmit frame for a specific amount
of time .
• If a station has no data it passes the token immediately
upon receiving it .
• Only one station can hold the token at a time .
• Do not occur any collision.
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• Each station is internally divided into four substations, one at each
priority level 0, 2, 4, and 6 for traffic.

• When a token comes into the station, it passed internally to the priority
6 substation, which can begin transmitting its frames.

•  When its time expires, the token is passed to priority 4 substation. This
process continues until either the priority 0 substation has sent all its
frames or its time expires.

•  After this the token is passed to the next station in the ring.
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 Frame Format of Token Bus

1.Preamble – It is used for bit synchronization.

2.Start Delimiter – These bits marks the beginning of frame.
3.Frame Control – This field specifies the type of frame – data frame and control
frames.
4.Destination Address – This field contains the destination address.
5.Source Address – This field contains the source address.
6.Data – If 2 byte addresses are used than the field may be upto 8182 bytes and 8174
bytes in case of 6 byte addresses.
7.Checksum – This field contains the checksum bits which is used to detect errors in
the transmitted data.
8.End Delimiter – This field marks the end of frame. 8
References:-
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/token-bus-ieee-802-4/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OpdwfKSjhn8&list=LLy17dJ0u9ir
5pTs9K9rsZgQ&index=2&t=190s
• https://ecomputernotes.com/computernetworkingnotes/computer-n
etwork/

Thank you
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