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Pdfslide - Tips Ice Jet Machining
Pdfslide - Tips Ice Jet Machining
ON
GUIDED BY
PROF. N. D. GHETIYA
Prepared by
Virendra
11BME050
OUTLINE
Introduction
Machining
• If
Traditional machining processes are UNSATISFACTORY OR UNECONOMICAL
Part SHAPE is very COMPLEX with internal or external profiles or small holes.
What is ice jet machining?
• Liquid Nitrogen is
directly introduced to
the jet of the ice.
• Due to low temperature
of the LN, ice particles
are formed into the jet
of ice.
Apparatus
• Apparatus for the IJM are different depending
upon the procedure by which the ice particles
are generated.
• But,
basically components like nozzle, compressor,
atomizer etc remains same.
Apparatus using ice particle generator
• The compressor used for the purpose can
produce maximum pressure of 340 Mpa.
• The ultrasonic atomizer used in the ice particle
generator can produce uniform water droplets
of 45 to 90 microns and 2 ltr/hr to 12 ltr/hr.
• The diameter of the nozzle is 0.175mm and
diameter of focusing tube is 0.75mm.
• Standoff distance is kept 3mm to 5mm.
Ice formed at 8° C and 60 micrometer. Mean dia.
Of the ice was found to be 91.8microns
IceJet machning apparatus developed under Project ICEJET
TECNALIA, UL, IAMCUT
Basic characteristics
• WATER PRESSURE:50 to 700 Mpa
for harder materials: 700 Mpa
for softer materials: 50 Mpa
• Water nozzel diameter:0.1mm to 0.3mm
• Speed of water jet:500 to 900 m/s
• No heat affected zones.
• Treatment of all kind of materials.
Hardness of Ice Crystal
• Where,
• H is the Brinell hardness number
• K is the applied load in kilograms
• D is the diameter of steel ball in mm.
• d is the diameter of the impression in mm.
Modified equation
• As standard equipment was not used, the
equation also had to be modified.
Where
k is the hardness number
ǝ is the width of the cut in microns
Measuring the results
• The specimen was coated with liquid
polystyrene.
• Because the indentations were made at low
temperature, and measurements were made at
higher temp. so considerable fogging was
there.
• So for accurate results, indentation made on
the ice was measured on the polystyrene sheet.
Results
• By the experiment a
graph was plotted of
BHN vs Temprature and
it was found that the
hardness of ice
increases with decrease
in temperature.
• After doing the experiment it was found that
the hardness of the ice particle was higher
parallel to the c axis and less perpendicular to
the c axis of the ice particle.
• BHN of ice was found to be ranging between 4
to 17.
Comparison of AWJ, WJ and IJM
Cost in Rupees/hour
Conclusion
• By doing the technical analysis of the IceJet
technology it can be concluded that
production and injection of ice particles in to
the water jet it is not a complicated task but it
requires continuous monitoring of the process
to control the temperatures in order to avoid
clogging and melting of the ice particles.
However this can be automated.
Conclusion
• By doing the economic analysis, it can be seen
that costs are very similar for AWJ and IJ.
• Most significant expense is the cost of abrasive
particles.
• The costs of AWJ will reach the costs of IceJet in
the near future as abrasives are minerals & are
limited in source.
• Ice Jet is an environmentally friendly process
which makes worth its value.
Questions?
Thank You