Presented by:

Shweta Surwase,
F. Y. MSc Psychiatric Nursing.
INTRODUCTION
Occupational Therapy (OT) can be described as the art and science of
challenging an individual’s effort in specially selected activities that
have been designed to restore and enhance his performance.
DEFINITION
Occupational Therapy is the application of goal – oriented
and, purposeful activity in the assessment and treatment of
individuals with psychological, physical or developmental
disabilities.
-Johnson, 1973.
An active method of treatment with a profound psychological
justification.
-Clark, 1963
CLASSIFICATION
OT are classified as follows,
Diversional – e.g Organized games.
Remedial – e.g. Physiotherapy for particular muscle groups.
(Basket making, weaving, carpentry, candle making, baking,
tailoring, gardening, embroidery)
GOALS
Promotion of recovery
Mobilization of total assets of the patient
Prevention of hospitalization
 Creation of good habits of work and leisure
 Enhance the patient to regain self – confidence
PRINCIPLES
 Select the activities based on interest IQ levels strengths and
abilities of the client.
Utilizes the client’s available resources.
 Select short duration activities to foster a sense of accomplishment
and enhance self-confidence.
 Provide good reinforcement for even small achievements.
 Plan and selected activities that gives new experience for the client
to meet the day to day activities.
PROCESS OF OCCUPATIONAL
THERAPY Formulation of
Identifying right
Assessment of specific
type of work &
needs objectives
play.
&goals

Planning and
Motivation and Evaluation of
implementation
training improvement
of activity
SETTINGS
OT is provided to children, adolescents, adults and elderly patients.
Psychiatric Hospitals
Nursing Homes
Rehabilitation Centers
Special Schools
Community Mental Health Centers
Halfway Homes and De – addiction Centers
Sheltered workshop or clinics
Industrial health units
GROSS MOTOR SKILLS
MOVEMENT OF THE LARGE MUSCLES IN THE ARMS AND LEGS,
ABILITIES LIKE.
ROLLING
CRAWLING
WALKING
RUNNING
JUMPING
HOPPING
SKIPPING
FINE MOTOR SKILLS
MOVEMENT AND DEXTERITY OF THE SMALL MUSCLES IN THE HAND
AND FINGERS
ABILITIES LIKE
HAND COORDINATION
REACHING
 CARRYING
SHIFTING SMALL OBJECTS
SENSORY INTEGRATION
SENSORY PROCESSING ACTIVITIES LIKE
VESTIBULAR
TACTILE
VISUAL
OLFACTORY
GUSTATORY
COGNITIVE PERCEPTUAL SKILLS
ABLILITIES LIKE
ATTENTION
CONCENTRATION
MEMORY
THINKING
REASONING
PROBLEM SOLVING
TYPES OF SERVICES
PROVIDED
RELAXATION TECHNIQUES
Meditation, hypnotic suggestions, swimming, dance,
exercises.
TASK ORIENTED ACTIVITIES:
Kitchen work, cover making, play activities, bakery,
pantry.
WORK ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS:
Handloom section, soap making, basket making,
carpentry work, plastic molding, printing and
stationary.
TYPES OF SERVICES
PREVOCATIONAL ACTIVITIES:
PROVIDED
Jumping, skipping, hopping, crawling, rolling,
throwball.
THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE.
PATIENT OR FAMILY EDUCATION
GROUP PARTICIPATION ACTIVITIES
ADVANTAGES
OT helps to build a more healthy and integrated ego.
 OT helps to express and deal with needs and feelings.
 Assists in the gratification of basic needs.
 Strengthens Ego defenses.
 Reverses Psychopathology
 Facilitates personality development.
 Develops Self Esteem and Good Self – Concept.
SUGGESTED OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
ACTIVITIES.
ANXIETY DISORDER
Simple concrete tasks with not
more than 3 or 4 steps.
(Sweeping, Washing, Weeding
garden) 
 DEPRESSIVE
DISORDER
Simple concrete tasks
which are achievable.
(Crafts, gardening.)
CHRONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
Sensory integration
approach(throwing ball
overhead,marching,skipping)
 MANIC DISORDER
Non competitive activities that allow use
of energy & expression of
feelings(metal work, clay moulding)
PARANOID
SCHIZOPHRENIA
Non-competitive solitary
meaningful tasks that require some
degree of concentration
(Puzzles,scrabble)
 CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
Simple concrete tasks in which patients
involves actively(clay molding, metal
work)
ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY
Expressive creative activities to
increase self esteem after task is
completed(leather work,painting)
DEMENTIA
Group activities to increase feeling
of belonging and self-worth. (Cover
making, packing goods)
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Group activities in which patient uses
his talents. (Involve patient in planning
social activities) 
 CHILDHOOD AND
ADOLESCENT Children –
` DISORDERS Playing, Story Telling,
Painting, Poetry Music
Etc.
Adolescents –
Leather Work Drawing,
Painting, Cover Making,
Candle Making And
Packing Goods. 
ASSIGNMENT
Role of nurse as a occupational therapist.
  

Research
•. 2017 Sep;62(9):1002-9.
 doi: 10.1093/gerona/62.9.1002.
Effects of community occupational therapy on quality of life, mood, and health status in dementia patients
and their caregivers: a randomized controlled trial
Myrra J M Vernooij-Dassen, Marjolein Thijssen, Joost Dekker, Willibrord H L Hoefnagels, Marcel G M Olderikkert
Maud J L Graff 1, 

Affiliations 
•PMID: 17895439 
•DOI: 10.1093/gerona/62.9.1002

Abstract
Background: Cure of dementia is not possible, but quality of life of patients and caregivers can be improved. Our aim is to investigate effects of community occupational therapy on dementia patients' and caregivers' quality of
life, mood, and health status and caregivers' sense of control over life.
Methods: Community-dwelling patients aged 65 years or older, with mild-to-moderate dementia, and their informal caregivers (n = 135 couples of patients with their caregivers) were randomly assigned to 10 sessions of
occupational therapy over 5 weeks or no intervention. Cognitive and behavioral interventions were used to train patients in the use of aids to compensate for cognitive decline and caregivers in coping behaviors and supervision.
Outcomes, measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks, were patients' and caregivers' quality of life (Dementia Quality of Life Instrument, Dqol), patients' mood (Cornell Scale for Depression, CSD), caregivers' mood (Center for
Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CES-D), patients' and caregivers' health status (General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-12), and caregivers' sense of control over life (Mastery Scale).
Results: Improvement on patients' Dqol overall (0.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-.1, effect size 1.3) and caregivers' Dqol overall (0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-.9, effect size 1.2) was significantly better in the intervention group as
compared to controls. Scores on other outcome measures also improved significantly. This improvement was still significant at 12 weeks.
Conclusion: Community occupational therapy should be advocated both for dementia patients and their caregivers, because it improves their mood, quality of life, and health status and caregivers' sense of control over life. Effects
were still present at follow-up.