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An Concepts and Principles
An Concepts and Principles
An Concepts and Principles
Integrated Rice-Based
Farming Systems
Concepts, Principles & Applications
Rizal G. Corales
Supervising Science Research Specialist
Agronomy, Soils & Plant Physiology Division
PhilRice, Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija
rgcorales@email.philrice.gov.ph; rizcorales@yahoo.com;
What
What is
is Palayamanan?
Palayamanan?
Palay
Palayamanan
Palayamanan
Kayamanan
•• Synergistic
Synergisticmix
mixof
offarming
farmingenterprises
enterprises
•• Implemented
Implementedby bythe
thefarm
farmfamily
family
•• Depending
Dependingon ontheir
theirresources
resources
•• Based
Basedononthe
theexisting
existingenvironments
environments
•• Attainment
Attainmentof
offamily
familygoals
goalsand
andaspirations
aspirations
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Palayamanan
Palayamanan
Revival of “Bahay Kubo”
Concept
Givin
g it
with
a ne
w TW
IST
CROPS
120,000
100,000
Pe sos
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
2002 2003 2004
gros s incom e expenses net incom e
ANIMALS
140,000
120,000
Pesos
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
2002 2003 2004
gros s incom e expenses net incom e
KAYAMANAN
KAYAMANAN Prosperity
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Inter-conectivity
Inter-conectivity of
of the
the farm
farm
components
components
PALAYAMANAN
PALAYAMANAN Components
Components && Strategies
Strategies
RICE
1 Crop
Production
CASH CROPS HIGH VALUE CROPS
VEGETABLES
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Strategies for Crop Diversification
Relay/Sequential cropping
Simultaneous cropping
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Strategies for Crop Production
Popular varieties
Special purpose
Aromatic
Rain shelters
High-value vegetables
Off-season
Permanent beds
Continuous cropping
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Cost efficient practices for
upland crop production
Organic fertilizer Mulching
Permanent beds
Controlled irrigation
Cover plants
Microbials
Botanicals
Mixed crops
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2 Livestock
Production
BAKA/KALABAW MANOK
KAMBING/TUPA BIBI/PATO
BABOY
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Multi-Animal Single Roof System
Compact DUCKS
Easy to maintain CHICKEN
CHICKENS PIGS
COWS
GOATS
Legend
Fence area
Shade area
Area: 50m2
Figure 1. Layout of the multi-animal single roof shed.
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Cost efficient practices for
animal production
Free range
Cut and Carry
Automatic waterer
/Feeder Grazing Microbial inoculant
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3 Aquaculture
Fish culture
Fish-Snail/Clam culture
Shrimp culture
Crab fattening
Rice-Fish culture
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Strategies for Aquaculture
SFR
Fish cage Fish pond
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4 Fruit & Forest
Tree Production
Fruit trees
Forest trees
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5 Other Farming Ventures
p osting
r mi -com
Ve Plan
t pr
Mushroom culture opa
g at
ion
Bi
o-
Food Processing
ba
se
Marketing
d
Pr
od
uc
ts
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6 Biomass Recovery System
Residue In situ
Incorporation composting
••ItItmust
mustbebesimple
simpleand
andmanageable
manageable
••ItItmust
mustsupply
supplythe
thefamily’s
family’sminimal
minimaldietary
dietaryrequirements
requirements
•It
•Itmust
mustprovide
provideeconomic
economicincentive,
incentive,sosothat
thatincome
incomewill,
will,atataa
minimum,
minimum,meetmeetthe
thefamily’s
family’sbasic
basicneeds
needs
•It
•Itmust
mustbe
belabor
laborintensive
intensiveandandprovide
providemeaningful
meaningful
employment
employmentand andinvolvement
involvementfor forthe
thefarm
farmfamily.
family.
•All
•Allthe
thecomponents
componentsofofthethefood
foodproduction
productionstrategy
strategymust
mustbe be
complementary
complementaryand andintegrated.
integrated.
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Considerations in Selecting the
Palayamanan Components
•• Grain
Graincrops
cropsshould
shouldbe bemain
mainfood
foodfor
forboth
bothhuman
human&&livestock
livestock
&&adaptable
adaptabletotothe thelocality
locality
•• Small
Smalllivestock
livestockmay mayinclude
includepoultry,
poultry,rabbits,
rabbits,goat,goat,pigs,
pigs,and
and
other
other animals
animals adopted
adopted toto the
the region.
region. The
The animals
animals provide
provide
the
thefamily
familywith
withaaconstant
constantsupply
supplyofofquality
qualityprotein,
protein,Vitamin
Vitamin
B12,
B12,andandother
othervitamins
vitaminsandandavailable
availableminerals.
minerals.
•• AAfood
foodlegume
legumesuchsuchas asdry
drybeans,
beans,pigeon
pigeonpea,pea,cowpea,
cowpea,soy soy
beans
beans toto provide
provide additional
additional protein
protein base
base forfor human
human dietdiet &&
livestock.
livestock.
•• Vegetable
Vegetable gardengarden toto provide
provide minerals
minerals and and vitamins
vitamins
(particularly
(particularlyvitamin
vitaminAA&&C) C)
•• Revenue
Revenue source
source either
either food
food or
or non-food
non-food or or livestock
livestock solely
solely
for
forcash
cashpurposes.
purposes.ThisThiscreates
createssome
someofofthe theincome
incomefor forthe
the
family
familyand
andbecome
becomean aneconomic
economicdriver
driverofofthe
thePalayamanan.
Palayamanan.
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Palayamanan Farm Model
• Homestead
• Diversified Integrated Farming Systems Components
Legend
Kubo
PALAYAMANAN NORTH
MODEL FARM DESIGN
Livestock
Trees 12.5
Rice area
Fish pond AREA: 18,338.8 m2
Vegetable garden
Road 104 PalayCheck System
Fish Pond 95
NIA canal
Drainage canal
N 3159.1
Irrigation canal 7424.5
51
12 31.1
23.6
Rice + Duck
Fish Pond
38 38
Rice Production Area 32.9
Vegetable Area
456 1181.8 1651.6
81 48
2438.4
Motor pool
Considerations in Establishing Palayamanan
Model Farm
Careful planning
Careful planning and
and prioritization
prioritization
••existing
existingconditions
conditions
• family resources Each model
Each model isis unique
unique
• family resources
••no
noreplica
replica
••depends
dependson onlocal
localfactors
factors
••resources
resourcesofofthe
thefarm
farm family
family
Biological diversity
Biological diversity of
of farm
farm
components
components
••interconnectivity
interconnectivity
••harvest
harvest security
security
••nutritional
nutritionalbalance
balance
••economic
economic stability
stability
••sustainability
sustainability
Factors to consider
Capital
Capital Labor
Labor
Cropsuitability
Crop suitability
Landscape
Landscape
Market
Market
Security
Security
Soil Type
Soil Type Water Resources
Water Resources
PALAYAMANAN Village Model
• Diversification in a
Village context
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Palayamanan Domain
Unfavorable or Food
Insecure Areas
• Rainfed lowland
• Upland areas
• Areas with partial irrigation or tail
end of irrigation systems
• Saline prone areas
• Cool-elevated areas
• Fusion of irrigated and rainfed
lowland or upland areas
• Indigenous people territories
• Insurgency rehabilitation areas
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Goal
Goal
To transform
To transform rice-based
rice-based farming
farming systems
systems domains
domains into
into
economically productive,
economically productive, competitive
competitive and
and sustainable
sustainable
agricultural systems
agricultural systems …… Agribusiness
Agribusiness Enterprises
Enterprises
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Framework & Scheme
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Social Mobilization
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Process
Process of
of Implementation
Implementation
Technical Briefing
• Provide information to local
partners
• Assess willingness and
commitments of local partners
Site Validation
• Technical feasibility &
representativeness
• Accessibility & Visibility
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Forge partnerships and linkages c ial
U p in
ov l
r
t& g P ve
Pooling and sharing of resources u
O lin
a l Le
c i pa
s un
i c
Efficient delivery of services M vel
Le
i l ot e
P la g
Sense of ownership Vil del
Mo
n
ati o
bi l iz
Mo
s &
E e r
R IC r m n s
IL Fa ic zati o
PH v
Ci gani
O r
l
oca ent
/ P L rnm
te ons M ve
i va ti Go its r ent
Pr titu Un the rnm ns
Ins O ve io
t
Go titu
Ins
Cs
Execution of Memorandum of
SU Agreement (MOA)
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Benchmark Data Gathering
Identify resources, opportunities, and
problems
Identify interventions
Basis for impact assessment
SecondaryData
Secondary Data (Barangay/Municipal
(Barangay/MunicipalProfile)
Profile)
ConductParticipatory
Conduct ParticipatoryRural
RuralAppraisal
Appraisal
(PRA)
(PRA)
•• FGD
FGD
•• PNOA
PNOA
•• SWOT
SWOTAnalysis
Analysis
Mapping (Transect
Mapping (Transect map,
map, Resource
Resource map,
map, GIS
GIS
map)
map)
Interview
Interview
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Selection of Farmer Partners OUTSCALING
FFS
> 100
FFS Farmer
Partners in
25 30 FFS 2 years
Farmer Partners
FFS
Increase
Increase number
number of
of farmer
farmer partners
partners over
over time
time as
as more
more FFS
FFS will
will
be
be conducted
conducted
Farmer
Farmer Leaders
Leaders can
can be
be trained
trained and
and serve
serve as
as FFS
FFS Facilitators
Facilitators
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Participatory Planning & Assessment
Planningworkshop
Planning workshop
ProjectReview
Project Review
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Capacity Enhancement
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Capacity Enhancement
Farmers’Field
Farmers’ FieldSchool
School
Support System
Support System
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Participatory
Participatory Technology
Technology Development
Development (PTDs)
(PTDs)
Promote
Promote only
only technologies
technologies
adaptable
adaptable to
to the
the local
local
condition
condition based
based on
on PTD
PTD
results
results
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Enterprise Development
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Ragiwdiw Handicraft
Bibiron,San
Bibiron, SanFernando,
Fernando,Camarines
CamarinesSur
Sur
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Coccina de Palayamanan
Poblacion,San
Poblacion, SanFernando,
Fernando,Camarines
CamarinesSur
Sur
80 housewives ; 20 engaged in
production
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Institutional Infrastructure
Community Seed
Community Seed Bank
Bank
Planting Materials
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Establishment
Establishment of
of On-Station
On-Station && In-
In-
Campus
Campus Palayamanan
Palayamanan Model
Model Farms
Farms
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Community Seed Banks
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Financing Scheme
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Capital Roll-over & Build-up Scheme
Ensure the sustainability of the
activities beyond the project span
Roll
Roll over
over seed
seed fund
fund to
to increase
increase the
the number
number of
of
farmer
farmer partners
partners
Eliminate
Eliminate the
the “dole-out”
“dole-out” mentality
mentality
Capital Build-up
Loan Assistance
Technical Assistance
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Monitoring & Evaluation
• Assess progress
• Provide technical assistance
• Direction and guidance
Consultation
Consultation
Field
Field Monitoring
Monitoring
Regional
Regional Meetings
Meetings
Resource
Resource person
person
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Feedback Mechanism
• Gather information on the
performance of technologies
• Enhance promotion or
commercialization or
technologies
Forum/Congress
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Several Palayamanan Models
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Palayamanan for Rainfed
KinalangayNuevo,
Kinalangay Nuevo,Malinao,
Malinao,Aklan
Aklan
Rice
Rice ++ Vegetable
Vegetable ++ Livestock
Livestock System
System
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Palayamanan Model for Upland
Agdanganan,Baao,
Agdanganan, Baao,Camarines
CamarinesSur
Sur
Diversified
Diversified Upland
Upland Crops
Crops ++
Livestock
Livestock System
System
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Palayamanan in Saline-prone Areas
Camanhagay,San
Camanhagay, SanSebastian,
Sebastian,Samar
Samar
Rice
Rice ++ Vegetables
Vegetables ++ Livestock
Livestock System
System
Rice+Vegetable+Livestock/Fish
Rice+Vegetable+Livestock/Fish System
System
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Palayamanan Model in Flood-prone Areas
Cuyapon,Kabakan,
Cuyapon, Kabakan,North
NorthCotabato
Cotabato
Rice+Livestock+Vegetable
Rice+Livestock+Vegetable System
System
Waste
Waste Management
Management cum
cum Food
Food Production
Production System
System
Food Production
Rice 4,500m2 2,500 kg 26,000.00
Squash 300m2 3.0 kg 90.00
Okra 7.0 kg 175.00
Eggplant 5.0 kg 150.00
Ampalaya 5.0 kg 150.00
Sili 2.0 kg 50.00
Total P 26,615.00
Food
Food Plan
Plan and
and Livelihood
Livelihood System
System
Production system
Rice Seed Production (0.50) 62 bags P55,000.00
Hybrid Rice 7.2t P40,000.00
Vegetable Assorted 6,432.00
Tilapia 103kg 6,180.00
Chicken 38 heads
90eggs
Pineapple just planted
Total P113,612.00
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Palayamanan in Autonomous Region of Muslim
Mindanao (ARMM)
Inug-ug,
Inug-ug, Pagulungan,
Pagulungan,
Maguindanao
Maguindanao
Food
Food For
For Peace
Peace Program
Program
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Palayamanan for Indigenous People
Upian,Davao
Upian, Davao
Community
Community Food
Food Plan
Plan
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A new day… A new hope begins
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Saganang
Pagkain Po!