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Model? Who Propounded It and When?
Model? Who Propounded It and When?
Aristotle Model
Model? Who propounded it and when?
a. Speaker
b,. Speech
c. Occasion
d. Audience &
e. Effect.
Significance of the Model
Criticisms.
• No feedback- only one way.
• No concept of communication failure like noise and barriers.
.
2. Harold Lasswell Model
• One of the first simple models of mass media communication.
• Also known as Lasswell's communication model.
• Developed by American political scientist Harold Dwight Lasswell in 1948
• According to him convenient way to describe an act of communication is to answer the following
questions:
1. Who (speaker)= Source/sender/communicator who formulate and transmit the message.
2. Says What (message)= Content of the message.
3. In Which Channel (medium)
4. To Whom (listener)
5. With What Effect?(effect)
IN THIS MODEL, RESEARCH IS DONE ON THE COMMUNICATION
COMPONENTS
• In 1949 this Model was designed by Claude Shannon and Weaver an American scientist.
• As per the model elements of communication include Information source, transmitter, Noise,
channel, message, receiver and destination.
• First model to introduce the factors affecting the communication process called concept of ‘Noise’.
• Noise means disturbance in the channel.
• Model presents communication as a simple and linear process.
Elements of Communication
1. Sender (encoder): The originator of message or the information source selects desire message.
2. The transmitter
3. The Channel: The words channel and medium are often used interchangeably.
4. Noise: Distrubance.
5. Message: Information
1. Simplest model.
2. More effective in person-to-person communication than group or mass audience.
3. Sender plays primary role and receiver plays the secondary role (receive the information or passive)
4. Understanding Noise.
4 Osgood’s Model
• Postulated by Charles E.Osgood’s Model.
• He said that the whole model is a cyclic process. Never ending process.
• He said that there should be encoder who will encodes the message (important). He encode the
message and send it to the receiver who decode the message.
• According to him encoding of the message and decoding of the message is the model of
communication.
In short :
A source encodes (sends) a message from a channel to a receiver, who in turn decodes (interprets) the same.
6. Gatekeeping Model
• Kurt Lewin, a German psychologist, developed the word gatekeeping.
• He developed this model in 1943.
• Gatekeeping is the process through which information is filtered for dissemination, whether for publication,
broadcasting, internet or some other mode of communication.