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CONCIOUSNE

SS OR WILL
Presented by

Student’s Name
INTRODUCTION
Should members of congress vote based on;
Conscience, or
 Their will
Congress is expected to make right decisions
Voting in congress is full of interests
Therefore, integrity of congress is compromised
Thispresentation outlines the benefits of
conscience voting.
Italso outlines three factors influencing the voting
by members of congress.
CONSCIENCE OR WILL
Constitu

Facto Upholdin
● Bene
rs g and
fits
ent’s protectin
Influ g the rule
of
of law
Views encin Protect

Cons
Party g electorat
cienc

e views
consc and
Views
ience expectati e
ons
Personal

votin Peace
● Voti
Instigator
Views g ng
REFERENCES
• Carson, J. L., Koger, G., Lebo, M. J., & Young, E. (2010). The electoral costs of party loyalty in
Congress. American Journal of Political Science, 54(3), 598-616.
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.937.8434&rep=rep1&type=pdf
• Hohmann, J. (2021). The Daily 202: 'A Vote of Conscience.' Five House Republicans Explain why they
will Vote To Impeach Trump. The Washington Post.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/01/13/daily-202-vote-conscience-five-house-republican
s-explain-why-they-will-vote-impeach-trump-today/
• Johnson, L. R., McCray, D., & Ragusa, J. M. (2018). # NeverTrump: Why Republican members of
Congress refused to support their party's nominee in the 2016 presidential election. Research &
Politics, 5(1), 2053168017749383. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2053168017749383
• Lowande, K., Ritchie, M., & Lauterbach, E. (2019). Descriptive and substantive representation in
Congress: Evidence from 80,000 congressional inquiries. American Journal of Political Science, 63(3),
644-659. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/150606/ajps12443.pdf?sequence=2
• Raut, A., & Schrader, J. B. (2006). Dereliction of Duty: When Members of Congress Vote for Laws
They Believe to Be Unconstitutional. NY City L. Rev., 10, 511.
https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1212&context=clr

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