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Conscience or Will
Conscience or Will
SS OR WILL
Presented by
Student’s Name
INTRODUCTION
Should members of congress vote based on;
Conscience, or
Their will
Congress is expected to make right decisions
Voting in congress is full of interests
Therefore, integrity of congress is compromised
Thispresentation outlines the benefits of
conscience voting.
Italso outlines three factors influencing the voting
by members of congress.
CONSCIENCE OR WILL
Constitu
●
Facto Upholdin
● Bene
rs g and
fits
ent’s protectin
Influ g the rule
of
of law
Views encin Protect
●
Cons
Party g electorat
cienc
●
e views
consc and
Views
ience expectati e
ons
Personal
●
votin Peace
● Voti
Instigator
Views g ng
REFERENCES
• Carson, J. L., Koger, G., Lebo, M. J., & Young, E. (2010). The electoral costs of party loyalty in
Congress. American Journal of Political Science, 54(3), 598-616.
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.937.8434&rep=rep1&type=pdf
• Hohmann, J. (2021). The Daily 202: 'A Vote of Conscience.' Five House Republicans Explain why they
will Vote To Impeach Trump. The Washington Post.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/01/13/daily-202-vote-conscience-five-house-republican
s-explain-why-they-will-vote-impeach-trump-today/
• Johnson, L. R., McCray, D., & Ragusa, J. M. (2018). # NeverTrump: Why Republican members of
Congress refused to support their party's nominee in the 2016 presidential election. Research &
Politics, 5(1), 2053168017749383. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2053168017749383
• Lowande, K., Ritchie, M., & Lauterbach, E. (2019). Descriptive and substantive representation in
Congress: Evidence from 80,000 congressional inquiries. American Journal of Political Science, 63(3),
644-659. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/150606/ajps12443.pdf?sequence=2
• Raut, A., & Schrader, J. B. (2006). Dereliction of Duty: When Members of Congress Vote for Laws
They Believe to Be Unconstitutional. NY City L. Rev., 10, 511.
https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1212&context=clr