FPGA Based System Design

ENGR. RASHID FARID CHISHTI

LECTURER,DEE, FET, IIUI
CHISHTI@IIU.EDU.PK

WEEK 9

BEHAVIORAL MODELING
MOORE MACHINE

www.iiu.edu.pk Saturday, November 27, 2021

 Mealy Machine vs Moore Machine

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 Moore Model
module Moore_mdl (x,AB,CLK,RST); // Moore state diagram
input x,CLK,RST; output [1:0]AB; reg [1:0] PrState, NxtState;
parameter S0 = 2'b00, S1 = 2'b01, S2 = 2'b10, S3 = 2'b11;

always @ (posedge CLK or negedge RST) // to handle reset and clock

if (~RST) PrState = S0; // Initialize to state S0
else PrState = NxtState; // Clock operations

always @ (PrState or x) // to Determine next state

case (PrState)
S0: if (~x) NxtState = S1; else NxtState = S0;
S1: if (~x) NxtState = S3; else NxtState = S2;
S2: if (~x) NxtState = S3; else NxtState = S2;
S3: if (~x) NxtState = S0; else NxtState = S3;
endcase

assign AB = PrState; // to determine output

endmodule

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 Test Bench

module test_Moore_Circuit;
reg x, CLK, RST; // inputs for circuit
wire [1:0] AB; // output from circuit
Moore_mdl mm1 (x, AB, CLK, RST);
initial begin CLK = 0;
repeat (14) #5 CLK = ~CLK;
end
initial begin x = 0;
repeat (7) #10 x = ~ x;
end
initial begin RST = 1; #3
RST = 0; #3
RST = 1;
end
endmodule
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 Examples

Moore Machine

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 Structured Programming
// Structural description of sequential circuit
module Moore_mdl (x, y, AB, CLK, RST);
input x, CLK, RST; output y; output [1:0] AB; wire Ta, Tb, A, B;

assign Ta = x & AB[0], Tb = x; //Flip-flip input equations

assign y = AB[1] & AB[0]; //Output equation
T_FF BF (AB[0], Tb, CLK, RST); // Instantiate T flip-flops
T_FF AF (AB[1], Ta, CLK, RST);
endmodule

module T_FF (Q,T,CLK,RST); // T flip-flop

output Q; input T,CLK,RST; reg Q;
always @ (posedge CLK or negedge RST)
if (~RST)
Q = 1'b0;
else
Q = Q ^ T;
endmodule

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 Test Bench

// Stimulus for testing sequential circuit

module test_Moore_mdl;
reg x, CLK, RST; // inputs for circuit
wire y; wire [1:0] AB; // output from circuit
Moore_mdl mm1 (x, y, AB, CLK, RST);
initial begin RST = 1;
#7 RST = 0; #3 RST = 1;
end
initial begin CLK = 0;
repeat (20) #5 CLK = ~CLK;
end
initial begin x = 1;
repeat (10) #10 x = ~ x;
end
endmodule
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 Moore Machine: Behavioral Programming
module Moore_mdl (x,Y, AB, CLK,RST); // Moore state diagram
input x,CLK,RST; output [1:0]AB; output Y; reg [1:0] PrState, NxtState;
parameter S0 = 2'b00, S1 = 2'b01, S2 = 2'b10, S3 = 2'b11;

always @ (posedge CLK or negedge RST) // to handle reset and clock

if (~RST) PrState = S0; // Initialize to state S0
else PrState = NxtState; // Clock operations

always @ (PrState or x) // to Determine next state

case (PrState)
S0: if (x) NxtState = S1; else NxtState = S0;
S1: if (x) NxtState = S2; else NxtState = S1;
S2: if (x) NxtState = S3; else NxtState = S2;
S3: if (x) NxtState = S0; else NxtState = S3;
endcase

assign AB = PrState; // to show state

assign Y = AB[0] & AB[1]; // to show state
endmodule

www.iiu.edu.pk 8 Saturday, November 27, 2021