Dr.

Pradip Kumar Jana

Scientist B( Medical)

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 Pretest  Diagnosis
 History of Epidemic  Management
 COVID 19 Safety and
 Coronavirus
 Global Situation Prevention
 India Situation Research
 Risk Assessment Initiative
 Sign and Discussio
Symptoms n 2
“The initial cases of Novel Coronavirus (2019-
nCov) infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in
Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019
and January.”

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 COVID-19
CO – Corona
VI – Virus
D – Disease

 “WHO wanted a name that doesn’t refer to

a geographical location, animal, an
individual or a group of people.”

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 Coronaviruses are a large family
of viruses that are common
different
in many species of animals,
including camels, cattle, cats, and
bats.
 Rarely, animal coronaviruses can infect
people and then spread between
people such as with MERS and SARS.

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Seven strains
1)Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E)
2)Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43)
3)Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63, New Haven
coronavirus)
4) Human coronavirus HKU1
5) SARS-CoV
6)Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS- CoV),
previously known as novel coronavirus2012 and HCoV-EMC.
7)Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), also known as Wuhan
pneumonia or Wuhan coronavirus
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 Family: Coronaviridae
 Genus: Betacoronavirus
 Genome: (+) sense, single stranded RNA, 32
kilobases long (the LARGEST RNA virus genome)
 Capsid: long flexible coiled helix, 10 - 20
nanometers in diameter
Ref: The New England Journal of Medicine: Na Zhu et al. 11
 Dec 31,2019, Clusters of cases pneumonia of
unknown origin reported to China National Health Jan 1 Seafood
Commission market closed

Jan 7 Novel Jan 5 WHO advised against

Coronavirus travel restrictions
isolated
Jan 11 first Coronavirus death Jan 12 Named as 2019-nCoV Whole
reported genome sequence shared with WHO

Jan 30 First case from Kerala Jan 13 first case in Thailand reported

Jan 31 WHO declared PHEIC Feb 11, WHO gave name to new
Coronavirus disease: COVID-19

March 12 First Death March 11 WHO declare

from India Pandemic 12
 Affected Country and Territory:
167
Confirmed cases: 199,106
Death:7,992
Recovered:82,782

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As on 17/03/2020 14
 STAGE 2 OUTBREAK
 Passengers screened at
airport : 13,93,301
 Confirmed cases: 151
 Discharged/Cured cases : 14
 Deaths due to COVID 2019 : 3
 Maharashtra:45
 Kerala: 27
As on 17/03/2020 15
As on 17/03/2020 16
As on 17/03/2020 17
 Mode of transmission-
Human to human (currently)
 Incubation period-
 Upto 14 days (2-14 days), the
average incubation period is 5.2
days
 Reproduction Number(R°)=??

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 Mortality Rate: ???

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 Fever(83-98%)  Nausea or vomiting(5%)
 Cough(76-  Stuffy nose(5%)

82%)
 Diarrhea(4%)
Fatigue(38%)
 Coughing up

sputum(33%)
 Shortness
 Bone or Joint
of
Pain(15%)
breath(19%)
 Headache(14%) 21
 Nanshan Chen et al.
“Epidemiological
and clinical
characteristics of
99 cases of 2019
novel coronavirus
pneumonia in
Wuhan, China: a
descriptive study”

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 Pneumonia
 ARDS
 Acute cardiac Injury
 Arrythmias
 Secondary Infection
 AKI
 Septic Shock
 DIC
 Death
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 People of all ages have been infected, but the
mortality rate is much higher in people older than 80
 Children can also become severely infected
 Highest risk:
1) Healthcare worker
2)People in close contact with affected persons
3)People traveling from affected locations
4)Elderly people
5)People with diabetes, heart disease,or compromised
immune systems 25
real-time PCR
a)Screening assay: E gene assay

b)Confirmatory assay:RdRp, ORF gene

assay

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 VRDLs functional
72

Newly opened
lab

NCDC Lab

As on 17/03/2020 27
 Current testing
capacity: 4590/day
 Total test
done:9100
 Estimated test per day
currently less than1000

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 Direct close physical contact of History of travel in last 14 days to
# laboratory confirmed high risk COVID affected
positive case countries*
# A person * China
with laboratory Hong Kong
confirmation of Republic
COVID-19 infection, of Korea
irrespective of Japan
clinical Italy
signs and Thailand
symptoms. Singapore
Iran
Home quarantine for 14 Malaysia
days France
Spain
Germany
UAE
Qatar
Oman
Symptomatic within 14 days No symptoms Kuwait

Laboratory test No laboratory test

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
Treatment
a) No specific antiviral treatment
b) Supportive care; ventilatory support
c) Currently no vaccine is available

 Prevention
 Respiratory and hand hygiene
 Use of PPE
 Avoid travel to affected areas
 Safe food practices

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 W= Wash Hand and practice respiratory
Hygiene
 U= Use of PPE
 H= Have proper and safe diet
 A= Avoid large crowd and travel to
affected area.
 N= Never hide flue like symptoms

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 Hand washing is the single most
effective way to prevent the
spread of communicable
diseases.
 Standard six step Hand Washing
 Five moments of Hand washing

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 Correct use of Mask
 Correct use of Gloves
 Eye Googles
 Aprons/Gowns
 Hair covers
 Shoe covers

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Published Articles: IJMR

1) Tarun Bhatnagar et
al. “Lopinavir/ritonavir
combination therapy
amongst symptomatic
coronavirus disease 2019
patients in India: Protocol
for restricted public health
emergency use”
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2)“Transmission electron microscopy imaging
of SARS-CoV-2”

3)“Ethics preparedness for infectious disease

outbreaks research in India: A case for novel
coronavirus disease 2019”

4)“Guidance for building a dedicated health facility

to contain the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus
outbreak”
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1)Prudent public health intervention strategies to
control the COVID-19 transmission in India:
Mathematical model-based approach

2)Review: The 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)

Outbreak: A Review of the Current Evidence

3)Review: Perspectives for repurposing drugs for

the Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

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4)”Laboratory preparedness for 2019 Novel
Coronavirus COVID-19 testing in India: Harnessing a
network of Virus Research and Diagnostic
Laboratories”

5)”Phylogeny, molecular characterization and

identification of epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 genomic
sequences from India”

6)”Need for integrated surveillance at human-animal

interface for rapid detection and response to
emerging corona viral infections using One Hea 39
7)”Correspondence: First report of 2019-
novel Corona virus from India”

8)”Full genome sequences of the first two

SARS- CoV-2 viruses from India”

9)”COVID-19: Impact on health of people and wealth

of nations”
10)”Correspondence: Development of In
vitro transcribed RNA (IVTRNA) as positive
Laboratory
control diagnosis
for of SARS-CoV-2 in India” 40
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