EST 200 DESIGN AND ENGINEERING

Sreemol R
Asst.Professor
CSE,VAST, Thrissur
Syllabus-Module 1

 Design Process:- Introduction to Design and Engineering Design, Defining a Design Process-:Detailing
Customer Requirements, Setting Design Objectives, Identifying Constraints, Establishing Functions, Generating
Design Alternatives and Choosing a Design.

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Introduction to Design and Engineering Design

 ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS MODELS:

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 Introduction to Design and Engineering Design

 What does it mean for an engineer to design something? When do engineers design things?Where? Why?
For whom?
 There are common features that make it possible to identify a design process and the context in which it
occurs.
 In each of these cases, three “roles” are played as the design unfolds
 First there is a client, a person or group or company that wants a design conceived.
 There is also a user who will employ or operate whatever is being designed.
 Finally, there is a designer whose job is to solve the client’s problem in a way that meets the user’s needs.
 The client could be internal (e.g., a person at the food company in charge of the new juice product) or
external (e.g., the government agency that contracts for the new highway system).
 While a designer may relate differently to internal and external clients, it is typically the client who
motivates and presents the starting point for design.
 That is why designer’s first task is to question the client to clarify what the client really wants an translate
it into a form that is useful to her as an engineer
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Introduction to Design and Engineering Design

 The user is a key player in the design effort.

 In the contexts mentioned above, the users are, respectively, consumers who buy and
drink a new juice drink, drivers on a new interstate highway, and students with
orthopedic disabilities (and their teachers).
 Users have a stake in the design process because designs have to meet their needs.
Thus, the designer, the client, and the user form a triangle,

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Introduction to Design and Engineering Design

 Designer–client–user triangle:

 The designer–client–user triangle shows three parties involved in a design effort: a

client, who has objectives that must be realized; the users of the design, who have their
own wishes; the designer, who must design something that can be built and that
satisfies everybody.

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Defining a Design Process

 Engineering design is a systematic, intelligent process in which engineers generate,

evaluate, and specify solutions for devices, systems, or processes whose form(s) and
function(s) achieve clients’ objectives and users’ needs while satisfying a specified set
of constraints.
 In other words, engineering design is a thoughtful process for generating plans or
schemes for devices, systems, or processes that attain given objectives while adhering
to specified constraints

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Defining a Design Process

 With further recourse to our “design dictionary,” we note the following definitions:
 design objective n: a feature or behavior that we wish the design to have or exhibit.
 design constraint n: a limit or restriction on the features or behaviors of the design. A
proposed design is unacceptable if these limits are violated.
 functions n: things a designed device or system is supposed to do. Engineering functions
almost always involve transforming or transferring energy, information, or material. We
view energy transformation or transfer quite broadly: It includes supporting and
transmitting forces, the flow of current, the flow of charge, the transfer of material, and so
on.
 means n: a way or a method to make a function happen. For example, friction is a means of
fulfilling a function of applying a braking force.
 form n: the shape and structure of something as distinguished from its material.
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Defining a Design Process

 THE DESIGN PROCESS AS A PROCESS OF QUESTIONING?

 Design a safe ladder
 It’s not a big surprise that a whole bunch of questions immediately come to mind.
 Typically, design projects start with a statement that talks about a client’s intentions or
goals, the design’s form or shape, its purpose or function, and perhaps some thing about
legal requirements.
 That statement then leads to the designer’s first task: to clarify what the client wants in
order to translate those wishes into meaningful objectives (goals), constraints (limits),
and functions (what the design has to do).
 This clarification task proceeds as the designer asks the client to be more precise about
what she really wants.
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Defining a Design Process

 THE DESIGN PROCESS AS A PROCESS OF QUESTIONING?

 establish a client’s objectives when we ask questions such as:
 Why do you want another ladder?
 How will the ladder be used?
 What market we are targeting?

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Defining a Design Process

 THE DESIGN PROCESS AS A PROCESS OF QUESTIONING?

 identify the constraints that govern the design with questions such as:
 What does “safe” mean?
 What’s the most you’re willing to spend?

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Defining a Design Process

 THE DESIGN PROCESS AS A PROCESS OF QUESTIONING?

 establish functions that the design must perform and suggest means by which those
functions can be performed with questions such as:
 Can the ladder lean against a supporting surface?
 Must the ladder support someone carrying something?

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Defining a Design Process

 THE DESIGN PROCESS AS A PROCESS OF QUESTIONING?

 establish specifications for the design with questions such as:
 How much weight should a safe ladder support?
 How high should someone on the ladder be able to reach?
 generate design alternatives with questions such as:
 Could the ladder be a stepladder or an extension ladder?
 Could the ladder be made of wood, aluminum, or fiberglass?

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Defining a Design Process

 THE DESIGN PROCESS AS A PROCESS OF QUESTIONING?

 model and analyze the design with questions such as:
 What is the maximum stress in a step supporting the “design load”?
 How does the bending deflection of a loaded step vary with the material of which the
step is made?
 test and evaluate the design with questions such as:
 Can someone on the ladder reach the specified height?
 Does the ladder meet OSHA’s safety specification?

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Defining a Design Process

 THE DESIGN PROCESS AS A PROCESS OF QUESTIONING?

 refine and optimize the design with questions such as:
 Are there other ways to connect the steps?
 Can the design be made with less material?
 document the design process and communicate the completed design with questions
such as:
 What is the justification for the design decisions that were made?
 What information does the client need to fabricate the design?

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Defining a Design Process

 THE DESIGN PROCESS AS A PROCESS OF QUESTIONING?

 Thus, we learn two important lessons from our ladder design project:
 The designer must fully understand what is needed from the final design.
 The designer must be able to translate the client’s wishes into the languages of
engineering design (e.g., words, pictures, numbers, rules, formulas, and properties) in
order to model, analyze, test, evaluate, refine, optimize, and finally document the
design.

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University Questions

1. Show the designing of a wrist watch going through the various stages of the design
process. Use hand sketches to illustrate the processes.
2. Find the customer requirements for designing a new car showroom. Show how the
design objectives were finalized considering the design constraints?
3. Write about the basic design process.
4. Describe how to finalize the design objectives.
5. State how engineering design is different from other kinds of design
6. Illustrate the development of any simple product by passing through the different stages
of design process

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