ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

- The Evolution of AI
- Presented by
Syed Nadiya
19691A0598
Content
Introduction

History

AI Pioneers

Tech and Trend-setters

Opportunities

Conclusion
 Did you know that 6 out of 10 humans with
basic access to technology are unable to
define, “what is Artificial
Trend-setters

Intelligence?????”
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 Artificial Intelligence is... Mc Carthy
 “… The science and engineering of making
intelligent machines”
 “…Making a machine behave in ways that would be
called intelligent if a human were so
behaving” 
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by John McCarthy(1955)
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 “… the science of making machines do Misky
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things that would require intelligence if

Intro
done by men”
by Marvin Misky(1968)

 “… the science of making machines smart”

by Demis Hassabis
 “… is an intelligent machine”
by Avinash Kaushik

Hassabis
Kaushik
 Maturation of Artificial
Intelligence (1943-1952)
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1943 1949 1950

EVOLUTION OF HEBBIAN TURING
ARTIFICIAL NEURONS LEARNING MACHINE
The first work which is Donald Hebb demonstrated Alan Turing publishes "Computing
now recognized as AI an updating rule for modifying Machinery and Intelligence" in
the connection strength between which he proposed a test that can
was done by Warren check the machine's ability to exhibit
McCulloch and Walter neurons. His rule is now
intelligent behavior equivalent to
pits in 1943 called Hebbian learning. human intelligence, called a Turing
test.
 The birth of Artificial
Intelligence (1952-1956)
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1955 1956 1956

FIRST AI SUMMER THE TERM
PROGRAM WORKSHOP “AI” IS
 An Allen Newell and Herbert A. THE DARTMOUTH COINED
The Dartmouth Summer Research The word "Artificial
Simon created the "first AI
Project on Artificial Intelligence Intelligence" first adopted by
program“ Which was named
was a 1956 summer workshop American Computer scientist
as "Logic Theorist".
widely considered to be the John McCarthy at the
This program had proved 38 of 52 founding event of artificial Dartmouth Conference. For the
Mathematics theorems, and find intelligence as a field. first time, AI coined as an
new and more elegant proofs for academic field..
some theorems
 The GOLDEN YEARS
Trend-setters Early enthusiasm (1956-1974)
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1961
FIRST
INDUSTRIAL
UnimateROBOT
was the first industrial robot,
- UNIMATE
which worked on a General Motors
assembly line at the Inland Fisher
Guide Plant in Ewing Township, New
Jersey. It was invented by George
Devol in the 1950s.
1966
FIRST CHATBOT:
ELIZA
The researchers emphasized
developing algorithms which can
solve mathematical problems.
Joseph Weizenbaum created the
first chat-bot in 1966, which was
named as ELIZA.
 The GOLDEN YEARS
Trend-setters Early enthusiasm (1956-1974)
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1969 1972
MOBILE ROBOT - FIRST HUMANOID ROBOT
SHAKEY WABOT-1
Shakey the Robot was the first general-
purpose mobile robot to be able to reason The first intelligent humanoid
about its own actions. robot was built in Japan which
. While other robots would have to be instructed was named as WABOT-1.
on each individual step of completing a larger
task, Shakey could analyze commands and break
them down into basic chunks by itself.
 The First AI winter (1974-
Trend-setters 1980)
AI winter refers to the time period where computer
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scientist dealt with a severe shortage of funding from

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government for AI researches.

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The duration between years 1974 to 1980 During AI winters, an interest of publicity on
was the first AI winter duration. artificial intelligence was decreased.
 A Boom of AI (1980-1987)
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1980
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After AI winter duration, AI came back with "Expert System".

Expert systems were programmed that emulate the
decision-making ability of a human expert.
In the Year 1980, the first national conference of the
American Association of Artificial Intelligence was held
at Stanford University.
 The Second AI winter (1974-
Trend-setters 1980)

Again Investors and government stopped in

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funding for AI research as due to high cost

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but not efficient result. 

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The duration between years 1987 to 1983 The expert system such as XCON
was the second AI winter duration. was very cost effective.
 The Emergence of
INTELLIGENT Agents(1993-
2010)
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1997 1998 1999

IBM DEEP BLUE KISME AIBO – ROBOTIC DOG
: T
CHESS ROBOT Sony releases AIBO(Artificial
IBM Deep Blue beats world chess Kismet is a robot head made in the
CHAMPION Intelligence RoBOt) a robotic
champion, Gary Kasparov, and late 1990s at Massachusetts Institute
became the first computer to beat a of Technology by Dr. Cynthia dog made to learn by
world Chess Champion. Breazeal as an experiment in interacting with people and its
affective computing ; a machine that environment.
can recognize and simulate human It could understand and respond to
emotions. over a thousand voice commands
and recognize its owner.
 The Emergence of
INTELLIGENT Agents(1993-
2010)
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2000 2002 2006

A AI IN HOME AI IN SOCIAL-MEDIA
HUMANOID ROOMBA
Asimo is aASIMO
humanoid robot created AI came in the Business world
for the first time, AI entered the
by Honda , till the year 2006. Companies
home in the form of Roomba, a
designed to be a helper to people. like Facebook, Twitter, In
vacuum cleaner.
It can run, dance, hop, and kick a soccer ball. shorts, Netflix, Amazon etc.,
It travels the world as an ambassador to robokind, making also started using AI.
humans excited about robotics
 Deep Learning , Big Data and
Artificial General Intelligence
(2010 - Present)
Trend-setters
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2010
IMAGE
RECOGNITION
Researchers like Dr. Fei Fei Li
APPS
worked to expand data sets, train
models, and create neural networks
as part of the ImageNet project that
have become the basis for the
image recognition apps that exists
today.
2011
IBM’S
SUPERCOMPUTER
In theWATSON
year 2011, IBM's Watson
won jeopardy, a quiz show, where
it had to solve the complex
questions as well as riddles.
Watson had proved that it could
understand natural language and
can solve tricky questions quickly.
 Deep Learning , Big Data and
Artificial General Intelligence
(2010 - Present)
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2011 2012
APPLE’S SIRI GOOGLE NOW APP

Apple’s Siri debuts, bringing in the Google has launched an Android

age of personal virtual assistants in app feature "Google now", which
our pockets. was able to provide information to
the user as a prediction.
 Deep Learning , Big Data and
Artificial General Intelligence
(2010 - Present)
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2013
AMAZON’S ALEXA
Amazon Alexa, simply Alexa, is a
virtual assistant AI technology
developed by Amazon , officially
released
 It is able to play music, in 2014.
provide information, deliver
news and sports scores, tell you the weather, control
your smart home and even allow Prime members to
order products from Amazon.
2014
EUGENE GOOSTMAN
THE CHATBOT
Chatbot "Eugene Goostman" won a
competition in the "Turing test“, a test of a
computer's ability to communicate
indistinguishably from a human.
The competition, which featured five bots,
twenty-five hidden humans, and thirty judges,
was considered to be the largest-ever Turing
test contest.
 Deep Learning , Big Data and
Artificial General Intelligence
(2010 - Present)
Trend-setters
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2018
IBMS’S PROJECT
DEBATER
Google has demonstrated an AI program
The "Project Debater" from IBM
debated on complex topics with
two master debaters and also
performed extremely well.
2018
DUPLEX
AN “AI” PROGRAM
"Duplex" which was a virtual assistant
and which had taken hairdresser
appointment on call, and lady on other
side didn't notice that she was talking
with the machine.
 AI
PIONEERS

1912-1954
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ALAN
TURING

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ALAN TURING :

• known as the "father of theoretical computer science and Artificial Intelligence“

• developed the Turing test to test a machine's ability to appear human.
 AI AI
PIONEERS
PIONEERS

1912-1954
Trend-setters
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ALAN

AI pioneers
TURING

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1901-1990
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ARTHUR
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SAMUEL

ARTHUR SAMUEL :
ARTHURUniversity
Stanford SAMUEL :
Stanford University
• Popularized the term “Machine Learning.”
• • Popularized
Created thethe term first
world's “Machine Learning.”
successful demonstration of AI through a checkers game playing program.
• Created the world's first successful demonstration of AI through a checkers game playing program.
 AI
PIONEERS

1912-1954
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ALAN

AI pioneers
TURING

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1901-1990
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ARTHUR 1915-1994
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SAMUEL JEROME
WIESNER

JEROME
WIESNER : the chairman of JFK’s Science Advisory Committee
• selected as
• Interviewed for The Thinking Machine (1961) MIT documentary about Artificial
Intelligence
 AI
PIONEERS

1912-1954
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ALAN

AI pioneers
TURING

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1926-2008

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1901-1990
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ARTHUR OLIVER
1915-1994
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SAMUEL JEROME SELFRIDGE

WIESNER

OLIVER
SELFRIDGE
MIT
• known as the “Father of Machine Perception.”
• wrote influential works on neural networks Pattern Recognition, Machine Learning and
Artificial Intelligence
 AI
PIONEERS

1912-1954
Trend-setters

1916-2001
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ALAN

AI pioneers
CLAUDE SHANNON
TURING

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1926-2008

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1901-1990
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ARTHUR OLIVER
1915-1994
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SAMUEL JEROME SELFRIDGE

WIESNER

CLAUDE SHANNON :
MIT
• known as the “Father of The Information Theory” which contributed to the development of
modern AI.
• created the first chess-playing program computer with the assistance of his wife, Betty
Shannon (1922-2017), a numerical analyst.
 AI
PIONEERS

1920-1992
Trend-setters
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ISAAC

AI pioneers
ASIMOV

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ISAAC ASIMOV :
• Professor of Bio-Chemistry at Boston University and prolific science fiction
writer who coined the term “Robotics.”
• Authored the Three Laws of Robotics which have greatly influenced the
discussion around the ethics of AI.
 AI
PIONEERS

1920-1992
Trend-setters
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ISAAC

AI pioneers
ASIMOV

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1926-2009
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RAY
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SOLOMONOF
F

RAY SOLOMONOFF :
• the originator of Machine Learning AI and inventor of algorithmic probability.
• contributed to the work done at the 1956 Dartmouth Summer Research Project on
AI and kept notes of the ideas and discussions that occurred.
 AI
PIONEERS

1920-1992
Trend-setters
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ISAAC

AI pioneers
ASIMOV

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1926-2009
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RAY
1927-2016
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SOLOMONOF
F MARVIN
MINSKY

MARVIN MINSKY :
MIT
• contributed to the Proposal for the 1956 Dartmouth Summer Research Project on AI
• Co-founded the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory with John
McCarthy.
 AI
PIONEERS

1920-1992
Trend-setters
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ISAAC

AI pioneers
ASIMOV

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1927-2011

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1926-2009
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RAY JOHN
1927-2016
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SOLOMONOF McCARTHY
F MARVIN
MINSKY

JOHN McCARTHY :
Stanford University
• One of the founders of the discipline of AI, coining the term Artificial Intelligence in 1955.
• Organized the 1956 Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence.
• Co-founded the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory with Marvin
Minsky
 AI
PIONEERS

1920-1992 1919-2001
Trend-setters

NATHANIEL
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ISAAC

AI pioneers
ASIMOV ROCHESTER

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1927-2011

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1926-2009
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RAY JOHN
1927-2016
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SOLOMONOF McCARTHY
F MARVIN
MINSKY

NATHANIEL
ROCHESTER
MIT :
• Chief Engineer of IBM’s 700 series of computers, which first performed abstract neural
networks.
• As a senior scientist for IBM, he supported the proposal from the organizers of the 1956
Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence
 Current AI Tech and Trend-setters

There are many brilliant, motivated, interesting people in

AI, here are some of the ones to watch

ELON MUSK

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Founder of :
 Tesla
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 SpaceX
 Boring Company

Co-founder of :
 Non-profit AI research company OpenAI
 Neurotechnology company Neuralink

 Elon stays near the top of the news cycles for a variety of reasons, but putting
his personal proclivities aside, his work and advocacy for AI technology are
absolutely changing the way we live.  
 Current AI Tech and Trend-setters

JOANNA J BRYSON
 Professor of Ethics and Technology at the Hertie
School in Berlin. Her work focuses on the impact of

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technology on human cooperation and AI/ICT

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governance.  

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THE CYBERCODE
TWINS
 Twin sisters America and Penelope Lopez participate in
tech building competitions and hack-a-thons worldwide,
are TEDx speakers, IBM Global Innovators, and all-
around AI proselytizers.  
 Current AI Tech and Trend-setters

FEI FEI LI
 The Co-director of the Stanford Human-Centered AI
institute, co-founder/ chair of AI4ALL, a non-profit

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dedicated to fostering AI technologists, thinkers, and
leaders, a researcher in AI healthcare, and former chief

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scientist of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning at

Google Cloud
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SOUMITH
CHINTALA
 Research Engineer at Facebook AI Research working to
lower the barrier to AI through open source communities
and open research. He co-created PyTorch at Facebook
which seeks to accelerate the path from research prototyping
to production deployment. 
 Current AI Tech and Trend-setters

ANDREW
 NG
 Co-chair and co-founder of Coursera, Adjunct Professor at
Stanford University, and former head of Baidu AI Group/

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Google Brain. He founded and led the “Google-Brain”

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project which developed massive deep learning algorithms

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which resulted in the famous “Google cat” outcome. 

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TAMARA
McCLEARY
  Is an AI influencer whose work and expertise in B2B
and B2C marketing, social influence, and technology has
brought her international recognition. She is the CEO of
Thulium, a social media marketing agency that leverages
AI analytics and other new technology. 
 OPPORTUNITIES AND
OCCUPATIONS IN AI
According to the
A 2019 study byBrookings Institute,
Indeed found thatAI
thecould
mostaffect work inAInearly
in-demand
every occupational
occupations are: group. Although better-paid, white collared
occupations may be influenced by AI the most, agricultural and
manufacturing positions are also seeing an impact from AI03
02

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DATA ROBOTICS
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MACHIN COMPUTE
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Thanks for

great patience
Listening with

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