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CH 2.2: Separable Equations: X F DX Dy
CH 2.2: Separable Equations: X F DX Dy
2: Separable Equations
1 y dy x dx
2 2 2
1 1 4 2 2 4
x t
y y 3 x3 C
3 3 2
3 y y 3 x3 C 4
y 2 y x 2x 2x C 0 y
2 3 2
2 4 4 x 3
2 x 2
2x C
2
y 1 x3 2x 2 2 x C
dy 3 x 2 4 x 2
dx 2 y 1
y 1 x3 2 x 2 2 x 4
Example 2: Domain (4 of 4)
Thus the solutions to the initial value problem
dy 3 x 2 4 x 2
, y (0) 1
dx 2 y 1
are given by
y 2 2 y x 3 2 x 2 2 x 3 (implicit)
y 1 x3 2x2 2x 4 (explicit)
From explicit representation of y, it follows that
y 1 x 2 x 2 2 x 2 1 x 2 x 2 2
and hence the domain of y is (-2, ). Note x = -2 yields y = 1, which
makes the denominator of dy/dx zero (vertical tangent).
Conversely, the domain of y can be estimated by locating vertical
tangents on the graph (useful for implicitly defined solutions).
Example 3: Implicit Solution of an Initial
Value Problem (1 of 2)
Consider the following initial value problem:
4x x3
y , y ( 0) 1
4 y 3
4 y dy (4 x x )dx
3 3
1 1
4y y 4 2x2 x4 c
4 4
y 4 16 y x 4 8 x 2 C where C 4c
Using the initial condition, y(0)=1, it follows that C = 17.
y 4 16 y x 4 8 x 2 17
4x x3
y , y (0) 1
4 y3