Department Of Technical Education

Andhra Pradesh
Name : A.Satyanarayana
Designation : Head of Mechanical Engineering
Branch : Mechanical Engineering
Institute : S.M.V.M.Polytechnic, Tanuku
Year/Semester : VI Semester
Subject : Industrial Management &
Entrepreneurship
Subject Code: 9EE602
Topic : Production, Material and
Marketing Managements
Duration : 50 mts
Sub Topic : PERT
Teaching Aids : Diagrams
Revised by : B.S.L.Prasanna
9EE602.22 1
 Recap

In the last class, you have learnt about

• Solving the problems on CPM

9EE602.22
M601.30 2
Production Management

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Programme Evaluation and Review Technique
(PERT)

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 Objective

On completion of this period, you would be able to

• Understand the concept of PERT

• Draw the diagram and solve the problem.

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 PERT

• First used in 1957

• Used in defence projects and R & D projects

•One of the planning and execution techniques

of projects

• Probability concept helps in estimating activity timings

•Concerned with events mainly

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 Estimation Of Activity Expected Time

PERT calculates the expected time from the following

three time estimates
• Optimistic time (to) Is the shortest time in which an activity
can be completed if everything goes very well

• Most likely time(tm or tl) Is the time in which an activity can

be completed under normal conditions

• Pessimistic time (tp) Is the time in which an activity can be

completed in case of difficulty

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 Estimation Of Activity Expected Time
• to, tm and tp are combined statistically to find expected time
• to, tm and tp form the end points and mode of Beta distribution.

Time
to + 4tm + tp t t t t
Therefore te =
6 o m e p

NOTE
• From three times estimate for each activity calculate te as
per the above formula
• After calculation of te ,PERT problem is solved like CPM
problem 9EE602.22 8
 Problem
1. Draw the network diagram for the project consisting of
the following activities, also find (a) Project duration
(b)Mark the critical path on the diagram

S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Activity 1-2 1-3 1-4 2-5 3-5 4-6 5-6

Duration to 16 5 10 18 11 20 6
in days tm 9 4 8 10 12 16 4
tp 8 3 6 8 7 12 2

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 Solution
• Expected times (te) are calculated from the following
table
DURATION in Days
S.No JOB Te =(to + 4 tm + tp)/6
to tm tp
1 1-2 16 9 8   10
2 1-3 5 4 3 4
3 1-4 10 8 6 8
4 2-5 18 10 8 11
5 3-5 17 12 7 12
6 4-6 20 16 12 16
7 5-6 6 4 2 4
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 Solution

Critical Activities

Non Critical
Activities

Arrow Diagram

•Note Network diagram is drawn with expected times on the

activities
•Critical Path = 1-2-5-6 = 10+11+4 = 25
•Project duration = 25 days
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 Summary
In this class, you have learnt about
• PERT Programme Evaluation and Review
Techniques.
• PERT is applicable to defense projects and R & D
projects
• PERT has three time estimate

 Optimistic time (to)

 Most likely time (tm or t1)

 Pessimistic time (tp)
• The expected time te =( to +4 tm + tp)/6
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 Quiz

1. PERT stands for

a) Process Expansion Revision technique.

b) Plan Exploration and Reason technique

c) Programme Evaluation and Review Technique.

d) Path Existence Real Technique

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 Quiz

2. Shortest time in PERT is known as

a) Most likely time (tm)

b) Pessimistic time (tp)
c) Optimistic time (to)
d) Expected time (te)

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 Quiz
3. Longest time in PERT is known as

a) Most likely time (tm)

b) Pessimistic time (tp)
c) Optimistic time (to)
d) Expected time (te)

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 Assignment
1. Number the events of the network shown below and find

a) The project duration

b) Show earliest and latest times on the diagram
c) Mark the critical path on the diagram

• for each activity timings are given in the order of to , tl & tp

Contd…
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Assignment- Problem

Fig 7 : Arrow Diagram

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