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Bài 6
Bài 6
Bài 6
2
The confusing concentration units
• Percentage
– % (w/w)
20 g sucrose + 80 g water → 20% (w/w)
– % (w/ v)
20 g sucrose in 100 mL solution → 20% (w/v)
– % (v/v)
50 mL alcohol in 100 mL solution → 50% (v/v)
3
Dimensionless quantity
• parts per million (ppm)
• parts per billion (ppb)
Pure numbers without associated units of
measurement, are the result of unit cancellation !
– http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html
5
Molarity and normality
6
Strong acid and alkaline
– 1M
1
NaOH = ___ N NaOH (Sodium hydroxide)
– 1M 2 N HCl (hydrochloric acid)
HCl= ___
– 1M 2 N H2SO4 (Sulfuric acid)
H2SO4 = ___
– 1M 3 N H3PO4 (phosphoric acid)
H3PO4 = ___
Weak acids in food
COOH
HO COOH COOH COOH
HO COOH HO
HO COOH HO COOH CH3
COOH
8
The Seesaw in water
[H+][OH–]= 10-14
Kw (25oC)
Neutral H = OH
+ – OH-
H+
Alkaline H < OH
+ –
The power of Hydrogen (pH)
Neutral
Alkaline
Ch. 13 pH and Titratable Acidity (TA)
• Food Chemistry 101: What is the difference between pH and TA?
18
Acids in foods
• Natural composition • Added
– Apple
– Benzoic acid
– Orange
– Tomato – Acetic acid
– Citric acid
(Table 13-6) – Ascorbic acid
– Phosphoric acid
19
Acids generated in gut
20