Research Problem and

Hypothesis
Group 3

1. Arief Rahmad Wijaya / 20020084003

2. Wahyu Istiqomah / 20020084004
3. Rizkiyah Alifatul Fauziyah / 20020084010
4. Ratna Ningsih / 20020084011
5. Ira Rafsanjani Shohib / 20020084012
6. Sakila Devi Cahyani / 19020084037
A. Research Problem
1. Definition
A research problem is a statement about an area of
concern, a condition to be improved, a difficulty to be
eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in
scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to
the need for meaningful understanding and deliberate
investigation.
A. Research Problem

2. Sources
• Theory
- Testable
- falsifiable.
- contains learning or motivation-
- The simplest, clearest explanation, and most plausible for the
phenomenon- internal consistency. 3. Experience
• Previous studies
Previous studies can be obtained from related literature, research
reviews, articles, conference proceedings, theses, monographs, books
etc published in similar domains you are studying now.
A. Research Problem

2. Sources
• Experience
Teachers/researches are always looking for ways to teach that are
effective and in accordance with the times. They tried various methods
to find which one works best.
A. Research Problem

3. Population and Variables

• POPULATION
A research population is generally a large collection of individuals or objects
that is the main focus of a scientific query. A research population is also
known as a well-defined collection of individuals or objects known to have
similar characteristics
A. Research Problem

3. Population and Variables

• VARIABLES
A variable must be able to vary or havedifferent values. For example, gender
is avariable because it has 2 values, female ormale. Age is a variable that
has a large number of values. Type of treatment/inter-vention is a variable
if there is more than one treatment or a treatment and a control group.
Mastery motivation is a variable like age that can have many ordered
levels. However, if we are studying only girls,gender is not a variable;
it is a constant. Thus, we can define the term variable as a characteristic of
the participants or situation that has different values in a study.
A. Research Problem

3. Population and Variables

• EXAMPLES

Population Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Below-average second Word flash drill for 15 Reading scores on CAT
grade readers minutes daily by upper-
grade students versus no
word flash drill

First-graders Having experienced versus Reading achievement

not having experienced a
preschool program
A. Research Problem

4. Characteristics
Criteria that can be use to evaluate a research problem
1. The problem should have significance.
2. The problem should be one that will lead to new
problem.
3. The problem must be researchable.
4. The problem should be suitable for researcher.
5. The problem should be ethically appropriate.
B. Hypothesis
1. Definition

A hypothesis is a guess or a temporary

answer from a research that will be carried out and
further experiments are needed to support proving the
truth or the final result. The hypothesis will be presents
the researcher’s expectations about the relationship
between variables within the question.
A. Hypothesis
2. Null Hypothesis and Alternative
Hypothesis
• Null hypothesis
The null hypothesis states that there is no relationship
between the variables in the population. A null hypothesis
states a negation (not the reverse) of what the experimenter
expects or predicts. A researcher may hope to show that after
experimental treatment, two populations will have different
means, but the null hypothesis would state that after the
treatment the populations’ means will not be different.
A. Hypothesis

• Alternative hypothesis
The alternative hypothesis is just an alternative to the null
hypothesis. In order to understand what an alternate
hypothesis is, you first need to understand what the null
hypothesis means. Alternative hypothesis is an opposite of
null hypothesis. If null hypothesis can't be proven, so the
alternative hypothesis can be accepted. And vice versa.
A. Hypothesis

• Example

Null Hypothesis Alternative Hypothesis

There is no influence of There is an influence of
learning methods on learning methods on
student achievement. student achievement.
The average grade of The average grade of
class A students is the class A students is more
same as the grades of than the grades of class
class B students. B students.
Thank
you