MAJOR ISSUES OF

BIODIVERSITY…

By ANNU
ENROLLMENT-NO:04721201719…
1.CLIMATE-CHANGE…

Changes in climate throughout our planet's history have, of course, altered

life on Earth in the long run — ecosystems have come and gone and
species routinely go extinct.
But rapid, manmade climate change speeds up the process, without
affording ecosystems and species the time to adapt. For example, rising
ocean temperatures and diminishing Arctic sea ice affects marine
biodiversity and can shift vegetation zones, having global implications.
Overall, climate is a major factor in the distribution of species across the
globe; climate change forces them to adjust. But many are not able to cope,
causing them to die out.
2. DEFORESTATION AND HABITAT
LOSS…

Deforestation is a direct cause of extinction and loss of

biodiversity. An estimated 18 million acres of forest are
lost each year, due in part to logging and other human
practices, destroying the ecosystems on which many
species depend. Tropical rainforests in particular, such as
the Amazon, hold a high percentage of the world's known
species, yet the regions themselves are in decline due to
humans.
3. OVEREXPLOITATION…

Overhunting, overfishing and over-harvesting contribute

greatly to the loss of biodiversity, killing off numerous
species over the past several hundred years. Poaching and
other forms of hunting for profit increase the risk of
extinction; the extinction of an apex predator — or, a
predator at the top of a food chain — can result in
catastrophic consequences for ecosystems.
4. INVASIVE SPECIES…

The introduction of non-native species into an

ecosystem can threaten endemic wildlife (either as
predators or competing for resources), affect human
health and upset economies.
5. POLLUTION…

From the burning of fossil fuels (releasing dangerous chemicals into the
atmosphere and, in some cases, depleting ozone levels) to dumping 19 billion
pounds of plastic into the ocean every year, pollution completely disrupts the
Earth's ecosystems. While it may not necessarily cause extinction, pollutants
do have the potential to influents species' habitats . For example, acid rain,
which is typically caused by the burning of fossil fuels, can acidify smaller
bodies of water and soil, negatively affecting the species that live there by
changing breeding and feeding habits.
6. HABITAT LOSS AND FRAGMENTATION…

A habitat is the place where a plant or animal naturally

lives. Habitat loss is identified as main threat to 85% of all
species described as threatened or endangered. Factors
responsible for this are deforestation, fire and over-use
and urbanization.
7. ILLEGAL WILDLIFE TRADE…

The international trade in wild plants and animals

is enormous. Live animals are taken for the pet
trade, or their parts exported for medicines or food.
Plants are also taken from the wild for their
horticultural or medicinal value.
8. OVER POPULATION ...

The current world population is 7.8 billion as of September

2020 according to the most recent United Nations estimates
elaborated . The term "World Population" refers to the human
population (the total number of humans currently living) of the
world.
9. OVERCONSUMPTION…

Overconsumption is a widely used term in science, media and among

concerned consumers. What do we mean by this term? This study is based
on the assumption that both the public debate on consumption and
consumer research could benefit from better understanding how this term
is used and from clarifying the definition. The primary aim of this study
was to describe how the term ‘overconsumption’ is being used in the
contemporary scientific debate in fields related to consumer studies. This
was done by studying the use of the term in scientific journal papers
between 2010 and 2012 using qualitative content analysis. 
10. SPECIES EXTINCTION…

Extinction is a natural process. The geological record indicates

that many hundreds of thousands of plant and animal species
have disappeared over the eras as they have failed to adapt to
changing conditions. Recent findings however indicate that the
current rate of species extinction is at least a hundred to a
thousand times higher than the natural rate.