Non-Verbal

Communication

Dr. Ravi Shanker

 Nonverbal Communication

Nonverbal communication includes all

unwritten and unspoken messages, both
intentional and unintentional.

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 Areas of Nonverbal
Communication Study
1. Kinesics – the study of messages sent by body
movement, facial expressions, posture, and
gestures
2. Ocular contact – the study of the type and
amount of eye-movement, including staring and
blinking
3. Paralinguistics – the study of vocal factors,
such as clarity, tone, nonverbal utterances, and
silence
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 Areas of Nonverbal
Communication Study
4. Proxemics – the study of the meaning
of space, distance, and territoriality
5. Haptics – the study of touch, including
such actions as handshakes, hugs, and
back patting
6. Semiotics – the study of messages
implied by such objects as dress, decor,
address, and status symbols

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Nonverbal Behavior and Perception
A “Matching” Quiz
1. Insecurity 2. Defensiveness 3. Cooperation
4. Confidence 5. Nervousness 6. Frustration

Short breaths, “tsk” sound, clenched hands, wringing hands

Steepled hands, hands behind back, hands on lapels of
coat, broad gestures
Arms crossed, sideways stance, touching and rubbing
nose, rubbing eyes, drawing away
Open hands, upper body in sprinter’s position, sitting on
edge of chair, hand-to-face gestures
Clearing throat, “whew” sound, whistling, smoking,
fidgeting, tugging ears
Pinching flesh, chewing pen, biting fingernails
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Nonverbal Behavior and Perception
A “Matching” Quiz
1. Insecurity 2. Defensiveness 3. Cooperation
4. Confidence 5. Nervousness 6. Frustration

6 Short breaths, “tsk” sound, clenched hands, wringing hands

4 Steepled hands, hands behind back, hands on lapels of
coat, broad gestures
2 Arms crossed, sideways stance, touching and rubbing
nose, rubbing eyes, drawing away
3 Open hands, upper body in sprinter’s position, sitting on
edge of chair, hand-to-face gestures
5 Clearing throat, “whew” sound, whistling, smoking,
fidgeting, tugging ears
1 Pinching flesh, chewing pen, biting fingernails
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COMPONENTS OF A MESSAGE (3Vs)

BY
1. VERBAL COMBINING ‘V’
2. NON-VERBAL ELEMENTS
DIFFERENTLY
DIFFERENT
VOCAL PEOPLE
VISUAL DEVELOP
“STYLES”
OF
COMMUNICATION
COOPER STUDY

60%COMMUNICATION
IS RELAYED BY
BODY MOVEMENTS
 MEHRABIAN STUDY:
COMMUNICATION IS MADE UP
OF

38%
55%
VOICE
BODY

7%
WORDS
 SINGNIFANCE OF NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION (NVC)
 NVC PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN
COMMUNICATION BECAUSE THEY ARE A
REAL UNCONTROLLED & TRUE RELAY OF
MESSAGES.
 NVC CAN ENHANCE A VERBAL MESSAGE.
 NVC CAN CONTRADICT THE MESSAGE
GIVEN VOCALLY BY INDICATING OBVIOUS
OPPOSITE FEELINGS.
 IT IS FORCE FUL TO REPLACE VERBAL
THOUGHTS.
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
ALL COMMUNICATION THAT INVOLVES
NEITHER WRITTEN NOR SPOKEN WORDS,
BUT OCCUR WITHOPUT THE USE OF
WORDS.
•BODY MOVEMENTS - KINESICS
•SPACE - PROXEMICS
•VOICE PATTERNS-
PARALANGUAGE
•TIME - CHRONEMICS
•TOUCH
•COLOUR
•LAYOUT/DESIGN/GRAPHICS
•OBJECTS -
ARTIFACTS
 SPACE: PROXEMICS:

SPACIAL CHANGES GIVES TONE TO A

COMMUNICATION.

IT ACCENTS IT & AT TIMES EVEN

OVERRIDES THE SPOKEN WORDS.
Proximics
◆ Feature-Fixed Space-
buildings
◆ Semi fixed-Feature Space-
Placement of movable
objects
◆ Personal Space
INTIMATE
(INDIVIDUAL-TO-1½’)

PERSONAL
(1½’-4’)

SOCIAL
(4’-12’)

PUBLIC
(12’-16’
TO THE
POINT
YOU CAN
SEE
 PROXEMICS: Assumptions

◆ BETTER ALLOTTED SPACE

◆ BETTER PROTECTED TERRITORIES
◆ EASIER TO INVADE THE TERRITORY
OF LOWER-STATUS PERSONNEL
Use of space as it relates to space:
1.The higher people are in the organization,
the more & better space they are allotted.

2.The higher people are in the organization:

the better protected their territory is.

3. The higher people are in the

organization-the easier it is for them to
made the territory of lower-status
personnel.
PROXEMICS: IMPORTANCE
A “SUPERIOR” CAN BY
PLACING HIMSELF PHYSICALLY
EXTREMELY CLOSE TO A
SUBORDINATE CREATE A
CERTAIN TYPE OF
ATMOSPHERE.
 KINESICS:

(BODY PARTICIPATES IN COM.)

◆ FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
◆ EYE CONTACT
◆ GESTURES
◆ POSTURES
◆ MOVEMENTS
 FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
◆ HAPPINESS
◆ SURPRISE
◆ FEAR
◆ ANGER
◆ SADNESS
◆ DISGUST
◆ INTEREST
◆ DETERMINATION
Facial Expressions Convey Emotions
 GESTURES (TYPES)
◆ EMBLEMS
◆ ILLUSTRATORS
◆ REGULATORS
◆ AFFECT DISPLAYS
◆ ADAPTORS
 COMMUNICATION THROUGH BODY
GESTURES: (SOME EXAMPLES)
AFFECT DISPLAY
EVALUATION
◆ CHIN STROKING
◆ HAND WITH POINTED FINGURE HELD UP TO FACE
◆ HEAD TILTED
◆ PINCHING THE BRIDGE OF NOSE
BOREDOM
◆ TAPPING WITH FEET
◆ DRUMMING ON TABLE
◆ HEAD ON HAND
◆ BLANK STARE
REGULATOR
READINESS
◆ HANDS ON HIPS
◆ SITTING ON EDGE OF CHAIR, ARMS SPREAD &
HANDS GRIP EDGE OF TABLE.
ADAPTORS
NERVOUSNESS/ANXIETY
◆ FIDGETING IN CHAIR
◆ HANDS COVERING
◆ MOUTH WHILE SPEAKING
◆ TUGGING AT PANTS OR SHIRTS
◆ JINGLING MONEY IN POCKETS
SELF CONTROL
◆ LOCKING ANKLES & CLENCHED HANDS
◆ GRIPPING THE WRIST
 MOVEMENTS

GEN. PURPOSE:
ATTENTION, INTERACTION
 MOVEMENTS
SPECIFIC:
1. MOVEMENTS SHOULD HELP YOU
(TO GET RID OF NERVOUSNESS)
2. MOVEMENTS SHOULD HELP YOUR
MESSAGE
(TO INCRESE EMPHASIS, SUGGEST
TRANSITIONS)
3.MOVEMENTS SHOULD HELP IN GAINING
AUDIENCE ATTENTION
 BEHAVIOUR REFLECTED THROUGH
BODY MOVEMENTS:

◆ ATTITUDE
◆ STATUS
◆ AFFECTIVE STATUS OF MOODS
◆ APPROVAL SEEKING
◆ INCLUSIVE-NESS
◆ INTERACTION MARKERS
 PARALANGUAGE: VOICE & NON-
VERBAL VOCALISATION
VOICE SET:
INCLUDES VARIOUS MEASUREMENTS OF VOICE
◆ RATE
◆ PITCH
◆ RHYTHM &
◆ RESONANCE
 PARALANGUAGE: VOICE & NON-
VERBAL VOCALISATION
NON-VERBAL VOCALISATION: INCLUDES:

◆ LAUGHING
◆ CRYING
◆ VERBAL PAUSE &
◆ INTERLUDES OF SILENCE.
◆ “AH’s”, “OH’s”……… ETC……...
LIKE ALL OTHER FORMS OF
COMMUNICATION NON-VERBAL MESSAGE
SHOULD BE SINCERE.

PLANNED GESTURES & BODY MOVEMENTS

USE GESTURES NATURALLY TO REINFORCE

THE MEANING YOU ARE EXPRESSING
THROUGH WORDS.

TOO MUCH SHUFFLING OF GESTURES &

POSTURES IS DISTRACTING & ANNOYING.
So what we have Learnt……
•BODY MOVEMENTS - KINESICS
•SPACE - PROXEMICS
•VOICE PATTERNS- PARALANGOAGE
•TIME - CHRONEMICS
•TOUCH
•COLOUR
•LAYOUT/DESIGN/GRAPHICS
•OBJECTS - ARTIFACTS