Servo valves:

Mechanical Servo valves

One of the most common applications of this type of mechanical-hydraulic servo valve is the
hydraulic power steering system of automobiles and other transportation vehicles
Figure below shows the mechanical-type servo valve, which is essentially a force amplifier used
for positioning control.

 A small input force shifts the spool of the servo valve

to the right by a specified amount.
 The oil flows through port P1, retracting the hydraulic
cylinder to the right.
 The action of the feedback link shifts the sliding
sleeve to the right until it blocks off the flow to the
hydraulic cylinder.
 Thus, a given input motion produces a specific and
controlled amount of output motion.
Fig. : Mechanical Servo Valves

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Servo valves:
Electrohydraulic Servo valves
 is an electrically-operated valve that controls how hydraulic fluid is sent
to an actuator
 This servo valves works based on an electrical torque motor which
produces a small deflection proportional to the electrical current through
its coil.
 They commonly use feedback between the main and pilot spools to give
precise control.
 Suitable for a variety of mobile vehicles and industrial control
applications such as earth-moving vehicles, articulated arm devices,
cargo-handling cranes, lift trucks, logging equipment, farm machinery,
steel mill controls, utility construction, fire trucks, and servicing vehicles.

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Mechanical Servo valves:
WORKING MECHANISM

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Valve
 Poppet Type
 Poppet is specially shaped plug element held onto a valve
seat

basic  The poppet shape be spherical, conical, plane-like, or any

other shape.

element
 Advantages :
 low cost
 simple construction, repair and maintenance

design 
 negligible leakage
Disadvantages :
 limitation of the number of ports
 poor controllability

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 Valve basic
element design
Sliding spool
• Spool is a circular shaft containing a section called
“lands” that are the larger diameter sections
machined with small radial clearance (0.0254 mm)
thus give a close fitting with the valve body/sleeve
• The valve consists of a spool mounted in a
asymmetrically sleeve and slides axially
• The main advantages of this valve are the increased
number of control ports and its greater
controllability.
• The main disadvantage is the limitation of the
number of ports and poor controllability

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Valve basic element design:
SLIDING SPOOL

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Spool valves:
Application Of Spool valves

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Valve Rotating spool
• The valve consists of a spool mounted in a
basic sleeve.
• The spool rotates inside the sleeve
element
design

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Valve basic element design:
ROTATING SPOOL

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 Sizing a
control valve

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Pressure relief valve

  Fspring = Fhyd

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 Pressure control valves (PCV’s):
Pressure relief valve
Answer:
 
Example 1: The spring force exerted on the poppets when its
fully closed is:

Determine cracking pressure of a pressure relief valve

contains a poppet with a 0.75 cm2 area on which
system pressure acts. A spring with constant of 25 Fspring = Fhyd

N/cm is installed to hold the poppets against its seat.

The adjustment mechanism then set so the spring
initially compressed 0.2 cm from its free length
condition. In order to pass full pump flow at the PRV
pressure setting, the poppet must move 0.1 cm from
its fully closed position.

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 Pressure control valves (PCV’s)
Pressure relief valve
Example
  2:

A pressure relief valve has a pressure setting of 500 N. calculate the power loss (W) across this valve if it
returns ALL the flow back to the tank from a 200 m3/min pump.

Answer:

Power loss across the valve will be similar to hydraulic power inside a conduits, so:

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Flow control valves (FCV’s)
  The flow rate related to specific gravity of the fluid (SG), pressure
drop across the orifice (Δp), and orifices opening area (A) given by:

Where: C = flow coefficient

C = 0.80 for sharp-edge orifice
C = 0.60 for square-edge orifice

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Flow control valves (FCV’s)
  The flow rate related to specific gravity of the fluid (SG), pressure
drop across the orifice (Δp), and orifices opening area (A) given by:

Where: C = flow coefficient

C = 0.80 for sharp-edge orifice
C = 0.60 for square-edge orifice

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 Flow control valves (FCV’s)
Needle valves
 
Flow across a needle valve can be calculated by:

Where:
Q = Flow rate across a needle valve (Lpm)
Cv = Capacity coefficient (Lpm/)  The capacity coefficient typically used to
select needle valve
SG = specific gravity of the fluid
Δp = Pressure drop across the orifice (kPa)

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Flow control valves (FCV’s)
Needle valves
 Example 3:
A flow control valve experiences a pressure drop of 687 kPa for a flow
rate of 94.8 Lit/min. The fluid is hydraulic oil with specific gravity of 0.90.
Determine the capacity coefficient of the valve.

Answer:

Submitting given value to the above equation obtain:

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 Thank You

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