Part 2 Technique Introduction of TB Series Tractor: Lecturer Liu Yuanjun

Part 2 Technique introduction of
TB Series Tractor
Lecturer ： Liu yuanjun

Contents
Chapter Ⅰ Working principle of TB tractors

Chapter Ⅱ Repair and adjustment methods
Chapter Ⅲ Troubleshooting methods of common problems
Composition of TB tractors
1. Power system includes engine, radiator, tank and operational
mechanism.
2. Transmission system includes clutch, gearbox, rear axle and front axle.
3. Hydraulic working attachment includes hydraulic mechanism and
suspension working mechanism.
4. Electrical system includes electrical appliances and
related control equipments.
5. Steering and brake system includes mechanism or
hydraulic steering and brake equipments.
6. Vehicle body ： ROPS, cab and accessories.
I Power System
1. Engine block assy, connecting rod mechanism
includes engine block, cylinder head, crankshaft,
connecting rods, cylinder liners and pistons etc.
2. Air distributing mechanism includes camshaft,
push rod, rocker arms and air valves.
3. Fuel supply system includes fuel tank, delivery
pump, fuel injection pump, fuel injectors and fuel
filter.
4. Air inlet and outlet system includes air filter, air
inlet pipe, air outlet pipe and muffler.
5. Lubrication system includes oil pump and oil filter
etc..
6. Cooling system includes radiator, water pump,
and water pipe etc..
7. Starting system includes starter motor, relays
etc..
II Transmission system
Transmission route from engine to wheels as follows:
Central transmission
differential
Gear box
Engine
clutch
Transfer box Final transmission

Front axle
Rear wheel
Front wheel
Transmission route indication chart of 8F+4R gearshift :

Transmission route indication

chart of 12F+12R gearshift :
12F+12R shuttle-type
Transmission route indication chart of 16F+8R Creeper gearshift :

1. Clutch
There are two kinds of clutch structure for TB tractors, single
stage clutch and dual stage clutch.
Single stage clutch structure

1—pressure plate 2---adjusting nut 3---lock nut 4---release fingers 5--- release bearing 6--- release
bearing seat 7---bearing 8----driven plate 9---clutch housing 10---clutch spring
Dual stage clutch of TE series tractors
1—bearing 2---adjusting screw of traction clutch 3---locking nut 4--- release fingers of traction clutch 5---release
bearing 6---locking nut 7---adjusting screw 8----release fork rocker 9---clutch pedal assy 10---pull rod 11---locking
nut 12—locking nut 13---ball head nut 14---release fingers of PTO clutch
2. Structure and working principle of gearbox

2.1 Gearbox is mainly composed of first shaft assy, mid shaft assy, drive shaft of
auxiliary gearshift assy, and output shaft assy etc.
first shaft assy
drive shaft of auxiliary gearshift

mid shaft output shaft

PTO shaft
Drive shaft of Output gear
auxiliary gearshift
Shuttle gear
Driven gear of
drive gear fourth gear
of third gear
drive gear Driven gear
of second gear of third gear
drive gear Driven gear of
of first gear second gear
Driven gear of
first gear
clutch
release bearing
Transmission route of first gear ：

8+8 shuttle gear structure
High-forward Ⅰ gear
engine clutch First shaft

collar of
Ⅰ-Ⅱgear driven gear drive gear of
Of Ⅰgear Ⅰgear
gear seat of Output gear

Ⅰ-Ⅱgear Second
of high-low
shaft
gearshift
Forward gear
Output gear gear seat
of shuttle gear
Reverse Ⅰgear transmission route
engine clutch First shaft
Shift collar
ofⅠ-Ⅱgear drive gear drive gear
of Ⅰgear of Ⅰgear
Output gear
Shift collar Ⅱshaft of high-low
gear of Ⅰ-
gear
Ⅱgear
transmission
Output Shift
gear
gear collar gear
Reverse gear
3.structure and working principle of rear axle

3.1 The function of central transmission mechanism ：

change the torque and speed coming from gearbox,
make the torque increase and speed decrease,
meanwhile, change the force power transmission
direction from portrait to landscape orientation. The
central transmission mechanism is mainly composed of
a set of crownwheels.
3.2 differential and differential lock

Differential
lock
differential
3.3 The function of final transmission

mechanism ：
Adopt planetary reducer to reduce Planet
carrier
rotation speed and increase output
torque.
Input shaft
3.4 PTO mechanism function:
Transmit the engine power to the
outside in the form of rotation torque.

Input shaft
fork
Low speed gear
High speed
gear PTO shaft
4. Front axle structure

front axle structure of 2WD
1.Front axle 2 bearing

3.steering knuckle
4.front wheel hub 5.oil
cup 6.nut 7.split pin
8. bearing 9.bearing
Front drive axle structure

4WD axle is mainly composed of transfer case, transmission shaft, central
transmission mechanism and final reducer etc.
Driven Transfer case

crownwheel
drive
crownwheel
Middle gear Output shaft

Final reduction Semi-shaft Input shaft
mechanism
Transmission route of front drive axle ：
drive gear of Mid gear

front drive of transfer Gear of
mechanism case transfer
case
Output
shaft of Shift
collar
transfer
case
Transmissio
n shaft of Crown
front drive wheel
mechanism
Driven
Differential crownwh
eel
Semi-shaft Pinion set
Front drive Final

wheel reducer
III Hydraulic Working Mechanism
lifter gear pump
filter Pipe line

structure figure
4 5 6
1 filter
2 gear pump
3 distributor
3 7 4 sliding valve
5 falling speed
8 valve
9 6 oil returning
valve
7 oil cylinder
2 10
8 safety valve
1 9 oil inlet valve
10 multi-way
hydraulic system working principle valve
Lifter working process ：

Lifting: lift the operational handle, the controlling lever make the main control valve move
outward.
Hydraulic oil filter gear pump multi-way valve distributor main control valve
moving outward oil returning valve close oil inlet valve open oil into cylinder lift arm
lift up main control valve move inside to the neutral position oil returning valve open
hydraulic oil back to tank oil inlet valve close lifting process stop
Falling ： move the operational handle downward, controlling lever make the main control
valve move inside.
Hydraulic oil filter gear pump multi-way valve distributor main control valve
move inside oil returning valve open oil inlet valve close oil of cylinder back to tank via
downward speed valve, oil returning route of main control valve and oil returning valve
lifting arm going downward main control valve move outward to neutral position oil
returning valve open oil from main oil route back to tank directly
Distributor principle
IV Electrical Appliance System

TB series tractors adopt 12V, mongline and cathode ground-wire circuit.
Battery alternator Starting motor
instrum
ent
Appliance box Ignition lock
switch
ⅴsteering and brake system

5.1 steering system
Steering oil tank

Steering pump
redirector Steering cylinder

5.2 structure and working principle of brake system
Brake housing Spacer plate
brake piece
Pressure plate
Working principle
Tread down the brake
pedal, brake pull-rod
make the brake crank
handle （ 22 ） and
shifting block （ 26 ）
rotate together. Shifting
block make the
pressure plate （ 32 ）
rotate, while rotating,
the pressure plate is
pushed towards the
brake housing (15.2)by
the steel balls mounting
on the rear axle
housing, then tighten
the brake disc (31) and
spacer plate (31) to
brake the drive shaft.
Chapter II Repair and adjustment methods
ⅰRepair and adjustment methods of engine:

1. Check and adjustment of the belt:
1.1 Check the belt if there is some damage and replace the damaged belt.
1.2 After install the new belt, turn around the engine fifteen minutes, then check the
tensity of belt.
1.3 When diesel engine running, belt should keep a certain tensity. The belt should
be pushed down not more than 10-15 mm.
1.4 Belt tensity adjustment
Loosen the nut no. 1. and 2. 1
Follow the direction of the arrow indicating in the
figure to move the generator, untill the belt gets suitable
2
tensity.
Tighten the bolt no.1 and 2.
2. Fitting and adjusting of alternator

2.1 when engine running, don’t cut off the wiring of connection pole
2.2 Get a clearly understanding of anode and cathode.
2.3 After a long usage, clean the dust inside the alternator by pressure air.
cathode
anode
3 Replacement of diesel filter and oil filter

3.1 Clean the outer surface of diesel filter and oil filter.
3.2 Loosen bottom of diesel filter and discharge the diesel into a appropriate
container.
3.3 Loosen the filter pot by special spanner (like the figure show) or similar tool.
3.4 Refix a new one on.
4. Adjusting of air clearance

4.1Take the four-cylinder model for example, adjusting methods as follows:
Detach the cylinder head cover, Turn the crankshaft to make the first
cylinder to the TDP, check air inlet valve and outlet valve, air outlet valve
of the third cylinder and air inlet valve of the second cylinder. If necessary,
adjust them in time. And then turn around the crankshaft by 360 degrees
further, adjust the rest.
4.2 Adjust the air valve clearance according to the following steps:
1. Loosen bolt no. 4.
2. Turn screw no. 5 with screwdriver to tighten bolt no.4 to get the correct air valve
clearance.
3. Check and adjust the rest.
4. Fix the air valve cover hood.
Adjust the air valve clearance with “Y” mark in the table
5 4 2 1
Cylinder series no. 1 2 3 4
Air valves out in out in out in out in
Rocker arm series no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TDP of first cylinder Y Y Y Y
8 7 6 3
Cylinder series no. 1 2 3 4
Air valve out in out in out in out in
Rocker arm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TDP of the fourth cylinder Y Y Y Y

ⅱ Adjusting and repair of chassis transmission

1. Adjusting and repair of clutch
1
2 34 Structure of dual-stage clutch
5 6 789
1—bearing 2----adjusting screw of
main clutch 3-----Lock nut 4---release
lever5---release bearing 6---lock
nut7---adjusting screw 8----rocker
arm of release fork 9---clutch pedal
assy 10---pull rod 11---lock nut 12---
lock nut13---ball head nut14-----
release lever of assistant clutch
1413 12 11 10
1.1 Adjusting of clutch:

• The adjusting items of dual-stage
clutch include: adjusting of main clutch
and assistant clutch adjusting.
• Adjusting of main clutch
a. The clearance between release lever of
main clutch and release bearing is 2-
3mm, Three release levers should be 2.50-0.5 mm
in the same plane which height
difference among of them should be
less than 0.2mm.
Adjusting methods: loosen lock

nut, adjust the adjusting screw of
main clutch to make the clearance clearance
between release lever and

release bearing is 2-3mm and
three release levers in the same
planeness
plane which height difference
should be less than 0.2mm.
Adjusting screw
b ． Free travel of clutch pedal is 15-

20mm.
Adjusting methods:
Loosen the lock nut on clutch pull

rod, turn the pull rod to change the
length, make the free travel of pedal
within 15-20mm, then tighten the lock
nut.
Adjusting pull rod
1.2 Adjusting of assistant clutch
The clearance between release lever

of main clutch and release lever of
assistant clutch is 8.5mm. Three
release levers should be in the same
plane and planeness should be
within 0.2mm.
8.5mm
2. Adjusting and repair of rear axle
2.1 Adjusting of small bevel gear bearing:
The two bearings on small bevel gear

shaft should have a preload force of
350N. In the process of usage, small bearing
bevel gear has a axial play due to the

abrasion of bearing and preload force
will decrease, so check periodically
and readjust them in time. When
adjusting, tighten the round nut to Lock nut and
washer
make the rotation torque of small
bevel gear shaft come to 0.75-1.2
N.M, and then lock it with washer.
2.2 Adjusting of differential

bearing
The left and right bearings of

differential should have a preload Left/right shaft
force. In the process of usage,
big bevel gear will has axial play
due to abrasion of bearings,
preload force will decrease.
Check periodically. When
adjusting, turn the left and right
adjusting nut to make the preload
force of bearings up to around Left adjust
350N.
2.3 Teeth engaging adjustment of central transmission

a. Check the gear flank
clearance which should be
within 0.15-0.3mm. Measure
three points like this around the
gear uniformly, the amount of
change of gear flank clearance
should be less than 0.1mm. If
not, adjust it through turning the
adjusting nut of differential, the
adjusting amount of left and
1.bearing7211E 2.differential lock assy 3.gear of left half axle
right sides should add up to be 4. planetary gear 5. planetary gear shaft 6. large conical gear
zero eventually. 7.locking gasket 8.nut 9.bearing 2007113 10.differential housing
11. gear of right half axle 12.half-axle gear gasket 13.fixing bolt
for large conical gear 14.thrust bolt for planetary gear shaft 15.
planetary gear gasket 16. differential bearing seat 17.adjsuting
nut 18.bolt M10×25 19. washer 10
Not less than

2.4 Engaging moulage adjustment 60% of gear
teeth length
• Coat red lead oil on the big bevel gear surface,

turn big bevel gear, and then get the moulage
on the small bevel gear. The correct engaging
moulage should be in the middle of teeth height
around pitch cone and near small end of teeth,
the distance away from small end of gear teeth
should be not less than 3-4mm. The moulage
length should be not less than 60% of teeth Red lead oil
length, the height of moulage should be not less
than 50% of teeth height. Turn the adjusting
nut , make the bevel gear move axial direction to
get the correct gear engaging moulage. In order
not to disturb the preload force of differential, Not less than
Adjusting amount of Left and right adjusting nut 50% of teeth
height
should add up to be zero.
Chapter III Judgment and elimination methods of common
problems
2.1 troubles
phenomenon reasons Troubleshooting methods
1. Free travel is too big, 1. Adjust clutch link rod by

working travel is too small. instruction to make free distance
2. The driven disk warps
clearance meet the request.
heavily
2. Take apart the clutch, replace
1 、 Clutch 3. The three release lever
PTO plate.
cannot heads are not in the same
plane. 3. Detach clutch house side plate,
separate well
and adjust 3 release levers’
clearance 2-2.5mm. Make uneven
degrees of 3 levers are not less
than 0.2mm.
problems
release
lever
travel distance Driven plate
problems
1. Friction piece and pressure plate 1. Disconnect engine

have oil spots. and clutch house,
2. Friction piece has been worn check whether gearbox
differently, or heavily, rivet appears leaks oil or engine
2 、 The clutch 3. Dish shaped spring pressure leaks oil, and then
slips. becomes weak. replace oil seals. Take
4. Free distance is short, and touch apart and clean the
with separate bearing, the robs friction piece, dry and
aren’t in one plane. install.
5. Driven plate is seriously 2.Change the friction disc.
deformed. 3.change the spring.
4.adjust according to the
regulations.
5.Change the driven plate.
problems
Pedal
rivet worn travel
Oil spot Disk shaped
out
spring
problems
Troubleshooting
phenomenon reasons
methods
1. Friction pieces have oil 1. Clean by gasoline.
spot. 2. Change the friction
Tractor trembles while 2. Friction pieces brake up. pieces.
starting. 3. Driven plate warps up. 3. Repair
4. release levers are not in 4. Adjustment
the same plane.
release
lever
Oil spot Worn out
problems
4. when release the main

1. The position of located
clutch, the PTO shaft
screw is not in the proper
stop together too. (two 1. adjustment
position)
-stage clutch)
located screw
problems

5. Two-stage clutch, 1. Freedom distance is too 1. To adjust the freedom
power take-off can’t long. distance
be separated when 2. Pedal distance is not 2. To adjust the set bolt of
pedal be treaded to enough long pedal distance
the end. 3.The separate clearance 3. Put off the side cover of
of PTO is too big. separate shell, and adjust
the clearance between PTO
separate rods
Pressure
plate
Set
screw Pressure
plate
problems
2.2 Common troubleshooting methods of gearbox

1. Located groove on fork shaft 1. Change the fork shaft.
is worn out. 2. Change the located
1. Take off gear 2. Located spring of fork shaft is spring.
automatically. going weaker or brake down. 3. Change the gear with
3. Splines on collar are worn collar.
out.
Groove on fork shaft Located spring of fork Spline of collar worn

worn out shaft out
problems
Troubleshooting
phenomenon reasons
methods
1. Adjust clutch.
1. Not separate completely.
2. Take apart gearbox,
2. Engaging sleeve, hub spline maintain or replace it.
2. Noise or
shaft teeth end, gear end are 3. Remove the upper cover
knocking in
gearbox. worn or have a flaw of the gearbox and
examine, if a flaw in
3. Flaw in shifting shaft.
shifting shaft, replace
or maintain it.
Gear worn Bearing

out worn out
problems

1. Adjust clutch.
1. Not separate
completely. 2. Take apart gearbox,
maintain or replace it.
3. Difficult in 2.Engaging sleeve, hub
shifting gear or spline shaft teeth end, 3. Remove the upper cover of
connecting gear gear end are worn or have the gearbox and
a flaw examine, if a flaw in
shifting shaft, replace or
3. Flaw in shifting shaft.
maintain it.
Adjust clutch collar worn

out
problems
2.3 Troubleshooting methods of rear axle

1.Bearing is tightened over 1. Take apart rear axle, and
big. readjust bearings clearance.
2. Clearance of teeth side is 2. Check and adjust gear side
1. Rear axle is
small. clearance.
too hot.
3. Poor lubricate. 3. Check the oil level, replenish
or replace required oil when
lack.
bearing
problems

1. Clearance exists in drive screw 1. Take apart rear axle, adjust
crownwheel bearing initiative screw tapered gear
2. Gear mashing and teeth side bearings clearance.
2. Noise in 2. Readjust mesh mark and
clearance are not normal.
center teeth side clearance to meet
3. Differential gear or gasket have the request.
transmission
becomes been worn or broken. 3. Detach differential, and
bigger 4. Differential bearing have been replace broken parts.
worn or broken. 4. Replace differential.
5. Did not replace crownwheel in 5. If screw crownwheel is
double when repair. broken, replace in double.
Improper Bearing
clearance Differential shaft Gear worn
engagement worn out
worn out out
problems
2.4 troubleshooting methods of brake
1. brake can not be 1. Hand brake is not loosen. 1. Loosen the hand brake
separated 2. Brake pedal free travel is too when start.
completely, produce small. 2. Adjust the free travel of
overheat brake pedal.
Hand brake is not

loosened Free travel is
too small
problems
Troubleshooting
phenomenon reasons
methods
1. Free distance of brake peda 1.Adjust the free
l is too long. distance.
2. Brake is not
2.Change the friction
useful. 2.Friction piece has been worn
piece.
heavily, or side worn.
Friction piece Free travel is

worn out too big.
problems
Troubleshooting
phenomenon reasons
methods
1. Free distance of right and left 1. Adjust pedal free
3. While braking, brake pedal doesn’t coincide. distances conform to
one side wheels 2. One side brake friction piece instruction.
run; The other is broken. 2. Replace friction piece.
side stop running. 3. Rear wheel tires air pressure 3. Check and charge
aren’t the same. conform to the rule.
Free distance of Left and right side are Brake disc worn
not consistent out
problems
Troubleshooting
phenomenon reasons
methods
1. Free distance is too small. 1. Adjust the free
4 、 The tractor is 2. Pedal returning spring force is distance to the
tremble when too small. requirement.
starts. 2. Change the returning
spring.
Free distance is too Spring force is

small. too small.
problems
2.5 Troubleshooting methods of front axle
1. Front wheel rim or web is 1. Revise or replace wheel rim
worn heavily. or web.
2. Adjust front toe-in in a wrong 2. Adjust front wheel ,then
1. Front wheel way. measure and adjust front toe-
has worn 3. Steering connecting pin is in.
heavily. worn heavily. 3. Replace connecting pin.
4. Improperly operation. 4. According to requirement,
charge and separate front
drive.
Steering knuckle
Toe-in
worn out
problems
Troubleshooting
phenomenon reasons
methods
1. Finally transmission supporting 1. Replace bearing and
bearing and sleeve of front drive sleeve.
axle were worn heavily. 2 、 Replace bearing
2. Steering knuckle arm supporting and
sleeve and bearing have been sleeve.
worn heavily. 3 、 Replace sleeve.
2. Front wheels 3. The clearance between front 4 、 Replace or maintain
swing. and end supporting house of the steel ring or rim web.
swing shaft is too big. 5 、 Adjust front toe-in.
4. Front wheel rim have deformed 6 、 Replace steering
heavily. ball
5. Adjust toe-in in a wrong way. joint.
6. Steering ball joint have been
worn heavily
problems
bearing bush Toe-in

problems
Troubleshooting
phenomenon reasons
methods
3 、 Transmission shaft The jacket of Revise it.
and its jacket are transmission shaft bends
overheat and deforms seriously.
Transmission
shaft
problems
Troubleshooting
phenomenon reasons
methods
4.Big noise in 1. Front center transmission bear 1. Please look at the
front drive axle mesh tooth is not good. method to adjust the
2. The clearance of middle middle transmission of
rear axle.
transmission bearing is too big or
2. Adjust the clearance
broken. of bearings or replace it.
3. Differential shaft is worn out or 3. Replace the
blocked. differential shaft.
4. Planetary gear or gasket are 4. Replace planetary
broken. gear or gasket.
5. Final transmission gears engage 5. Replace final
improperly. transmission gear set.
6. Final transmission gear set 6. Replace final
transmission gear set
bearings are broken.
bearings.
problems
Differential Final transmission

Central Differential
gear gear
transmission shaft
problems
2.6 Troubleshooting methods of redirector and travel system
( mechanical redirector)
Troubleshooting
phenomenon reasons
methods
1. Steering system 1. Thrust bearing of redirector is 1. Change the bearing.
free distance is too worn out heavily. 2. Change the damaged
big. 2. Screw rod, screw nut and parts.
rolling steel ball are worn out 3. Change the damaged
heavily. part.
3. Rack is worn out heavily.
problems
Troubleshooting
phenomenon reasons
methods
1. Clearance of front wheel 1.Adjust the clearance to
bevel bearing is too big. the regulated values.
2 、 Front wheels 2. Steering ball head is worn out 2.Replace
swing heavily. 3.Replace
3. The washer between swing 4. Adjusting
shaft and supporting frame is 5. revising
worn heavily.
4. Improper toe-in value.
5.Front rim has deformed
heavily.
Toe-in
Steering ball head
problems
Troubleshooting
phenomenon reasons
methods
1. Adjust toe-in improperly. 1.adjusting
3. Tyre is worn-out 2. Air pressure of tyre is 2.Pump the air of tyre
early. improper. according to requirement
3.drive wheel is fixed in wrong 3.Refixing
direction.
Tyre air
Toe-in pressure
problems
Troubleshooting
phenomenon reasons
methods
1. Fork pin has broken or distorted. 1. Replace
2. Linkage shaft hatch has broken or 2. Replace
4 、 failure in distorted. 3. Rrefixing
hydraulic 3.Rotor and linkage shaft positions 4. Replace the piston
steering have been fixed wrongly. or the sealing ring on
4. Steering cylinder piston or sealing the piston.
ring around the piston has been
damaged.
problems
2.7 Troubleshooting methods of electric system

1. Wire is broken down or not
connect well.
1. Weld the wire or replace
2. Battery has no power or
them.
voltage is too low.
2.Charge the battery.
1. Starter not 3. Short connected between
3.Adjust the spring force of
work carbon brush and communtator,
carbon brush, clean the
communtator is too dirty.
communtator.
4. There are some problems
4.Check the circuit.
inside the starter, like wire short-
connected, wire burn down etc.
2. Generator
1. Check and remove the
can’t produce 1. Armature is open circuit.
problem.
electricity.
problems
Bad engagement of wire Starter is broken down

problems

1.Bearing is worn out heavily, the
armature touches the housing of
the starter.
2. Carbon brush and
1. Replace the bearing.
communtator can’t engage very
2. Adjusting.
well.
3. The power 3. Clean off the oil dirty, polish
3. The surface of the
of starter is with No. zero sand paper .
communtator gets burnt or has
too low to 4. Tighten the nut.
some oil dirty.
start the 5. Clean off the oil dirty, polish
4. Guide line can’t engage very
engine. with No. zero sand paper.
well.
6. Charge the battery to the
5. Main connector of
regulated level.
electromagnetic switch gets burnt
and engage not very well.
6. Battery isn’t charged
completely or voltage is too low.
problems
Troubleshooting
phenomenon reasons
methods
4. Generator has lower 1. V-belt of fan sliding, diesel 1. Adjust the tensity of
electricity production or engine speed decrease. V-belt
current is not stable. 2. Circuit connector gets 2. Tighten the screw
loose. 3. Check and removal.
3. Armature problems. 4. Check and removal.
4. Adjuster problems.
Fan belt Connector gets loose adjuster

problems
5. Battery is 1. Generator or adjuster has 1. Check the generator or

constantly lower troubles, no charge current. adjuster.
electricity 2. Connectors in charging 2. Check whether the
storage. circuit get loose. connectors of battery and
3. Polar plate is short circuit. wiring bolts get loose or not.
Then tighten them.
3. Examine and repair.
Get loose
adjuster
problems
6. Over-charged of 1. Adjuster can’t maintain 1. adjusting.

the battery (distilled the normal voltage of the
water used up, generator)
there is some
electolyte comes
out from the
breather)
adjuster
problems
2.8Common Troubleshooting of hydraulic lifter

1 It could lift when without load or light load but could not lift or
lift slowly when heavy loading.
1.Less and dirty oil, block in filter. Should often check the oil level, add in time
and often change oil , clean oil tank and filter .
2.There is leakage on the oil pipe and tie-in ,such as seal gasket aging, broken
and nut becoming flexible etc., so we should change them in time
3.The oil pump is over wear and tear, too much space , leak too much oil or
coming into air in the pipe, we should examine and repair in time.
4.The hydraulic oil temperature hydraulic oil viscosity is over-high. Add different
oil according to illustration in different season.
Oil suction
filter Oil pump
element worn out
problems
2 No lift
1.All of above problem seriously will cause
this trouble.
2.Main control valve is jammed (Jammed in
the neutral place or drop place)
Take off the main control valve from the
distributor , firstly, clean the main control
valve and main control, then grind the main
control valve and main control valve sleeve
with abrasive pastes, clean and settle it.
3.Oil-return valve is
jammed in the open
position, so take out the the return oil sleeve,
oil-return valve sleeve clean it and grind it
and oil-return valve from until without burr, then
the distributor, then take clean and settle it. If it
out the oil-return valve is clamped too much,
from change the oil return
valve assy.
problems
4. The M12 nut of force adjusting push rod or
M10×35 nut of position–adjust cam get
loose.
Firstly, raise the lifting arm and make the
lifting arm and lifter cover into 60 degrees (there
is 5mm between inner lift arm and lifter housing),
make force adjusting push rod to touch with
spring rod end, and make end face of force
adjusting lever to be 1.5 mm far away from end
face of main control valve (main control valve in
outside end), then tighten the nut.
Uper
rod
connec
ting
problems
Check M10×35 bolt of position–adjust cam are

loose or broken. Put force and position-adjust
handle vertically. So there is 5 mm clearance
between lifting arm and lifting housing. Turn
position-adjust cam to make rollers of position-
adjust rod assembly touch each other. Continue
turning until main control valve extending out 5
mm from inner to outside and at last reach
neutral position. (Now the clearance between R
surfaces of force-adjust rod and main control
valve surface is about 6.5mm.) If nuts are
broken, replace them. New nuts should be over
8.8° strength. Crosscut rod of lifter assembly is
revolved in the housing.
problems
3 when tractor just begins working, the farm tool can be lifted with
lower temperature of the hydraulic oil, but after works for a longer
time along with the hydraulic oil temperature goes high, the lifter
can’t lift or lift slowly.
The leakage of main reason is the high temperature of oil caused by

excess abrasion of return valve sleeve and valve, which make the fitting
clearance too large.
4 Farm tools can’t descend

1. Main valve is blocked (blocked in middle or lifting place). Take the
main valve and main valve sleeve from the distributor, remove the main
valve from sleeve slightly, clean them together with oil, grind them with
abrasive pastes and after that, clean and fix again. If the sealing ring
damaged, change it with a new one. while if it is too tighten between
valve and sleeve then change the assy
problems
2. The oil returning valve is blocked (stuck in the closed position of oil mouths
relief), take out the oil returning valve from the distributor, then take the oil
returning valve out, clean and grind it with abrasive pastes until no burr and
smoothly. After finishes grinding it, clean and refix it. If the valve is stuck too tight,
change the oil returning valve assy please.
3. Descending valve is turned into the distributor housing （ close the oil returning
way ） at the moment ， turn the hand wheel in front of the lifter out anti-clockwise
until get the appropriate descending speed of farm tools.
problems
5 when the farm tool is lifting or

lifting up to a certain position,
there is noise coming out.
1. Safety valve pressure is too low. In this
condition, turn out the adjusting nut of
safety valve by several screws, then turn
adjusting stud into the safety body by
several screws, finally lock the adjusting
nut.
2. Farm tools lift over highly, so make the
lift arm reaches the housing (Now the
system safety valve opens, and gives the
Safety valve
alarm). Loosen the M30x35 bolt, adjust
cam position and make the lifter about
5mm away from housing.
problems
6 Farm implements descend

after lifting.
1. Leak of one-way valve: Discharge check

valve and clean parts. Check if sealing belt
of check valve and seat cone surface is
broken. Clean and install when they are
normal. Replace check valve while it is
broken. (Make sure sealing ring on valve
seat is normal while detaching, otherwise
change it 19x2.5.
problems
2. Sealing ring on piston, long usage of

cylinder and piston can lead their
clearance over large. Change new piston
ring on them (69x5.3 of 80mm diameter;
75x5.3 of 85mm diameter; 90x5.3 of
100mm diameter.) Change them if they
damaged.
3. First check if there is oil leakage in

valve and distributor seat. Tighten them
when there is. Then check if there is
something dirty near steel ball and
sealing place of valve. If they exist, clean
them and knock the valve with steel ball.
At last install them.
problems
4. Broken sealing ring of descend-
speed adjusting valve can lead oil
leakage. While changing it, select
8x1.9-sealing ring.
5. Leakage is caused by too big

clearance between main control valve
and sleeve. (Because of long time
usage) Now our company replace iron
sleeve with steel bearing. It’s hard to
wear out and distort.
problems
6. Hexagon under distributor seat and
distributor are loose. So there is oil leaking.
We should tighten the hexagons. (There
are 2 on distributor seat, 1 at the bottom of
distributor.)
7. The seal rings on the front and back

jam of distributor are broken and that
leads to oil leakage. We’d better to
change the seal ring; the specification is
22×2.4.
8. The seal ring on the main

control valve is broken, so we
should change the seal ring,
26×2.4.
problems
Caution: When tools falling, find trouble according to this order.

First, crosscut valve rod of lifter side is revolved in to lifter housing until can’t been
done. If it doesn’t fall, seal ring of piston is normal. Otherwise it’s broken. Replace it
with quality one. Then revolve descend-speed adjusting rod into lifter housing; now
the valve has cut off oil-return way. If tools fall, check if valve and safety valve seal
ring is broken, or hexagons on distributor seat are sealed well or not. While check or
tighten hexagons, check valve will be detached. Now if tools don’t fall, there is
something wrong with seal ring of distributor and main control valve sleeve, or
clearance between main control valve and the sleeve is over large, or hexagons
under distributor are loose.
problems
7 While lift implements, they shake up and down.

Engine doesn’t extinguish. That is: gear pump working, serious above problems can
make tools shake up and down, while lifting.
8 The farming implements cannot work in the farm or the depth of plough is
shallow.
Put handle in descend-position, discharge suspension rod and take two lifters at the
lowest place. Observe depression angle of lifter, equally to measuring vertical
distance between housing button and ball joints center. When measurement is 47
mm, lifter can qualify designing requirement to reach depression position. Now
install suspension rod on the tool, adjust upper rod to shorten it. If it can’t realize,
the rod can’t match with the tool. We should change suspension rod.
problems
Notes of Tractor Repair
1. Notes of Gearbox Repair
(1).Check if all the parts are in good condition.
(2). Every shaft should turn flexible, and no block.
(3). Every shift should assemble in the right position to ensure flexible gearshift .
(4) Move main and PTO shift lever to check if every gear can shift flexibly and no
gear loosing.
(5). Check if the release bearing can back to its position automatically after moving
release bearing.
（ 6 ） The hub surface should be located backwards when install the clutch friction
piece.
Gearshift lever Release lever

1 2
problems
2. Notes of Rear Axle Repair

(1). Check if all the parts are in good condition.
(2). The power output shaft should turn flexible, and
no abnormal noise.
(3). Pretighten force of small taper bearing 90----
150N.
(4). Power output shift lever can move flexibly. Power output
Small crownwheel bearing
Power gearshift lever

problems
(5).When tread down the differential lock pedal, it can be

back to its position automatically.
(6).Friction piece of brake can be moved freely on the
semi-shaft after repairing.
(7).Lefe & right brake can be worked flexible.
(8).There are no damage or bubble on the oil seal and O-
seal ring.
(9).Oil seal and O-seal ring should be lubricated by oil or
grease when repair.
(8). Oil seal
（5）
Differential pedal
(6). brake
O-seal ring
problems
3. Notes of Whole Machine Repair
(1).The battery should be fixed firmly, and ground wire should be connected
reliably .
(2).Front toe-in is0-3WD 4--11mm.(2WD)
(3).Clean every oil pipe joint, no foreign matter,
(4).No foreign matter in the connecting surface of oil seal .
(1) (2) (4)

problems
(5).Add all the oil to reasonable level after repair.

(6).Check if there are oil, water and electric leakage..
(7).Free stroke of clutch pedal is 25---30mm.
(8). Free stroke of brake pedal is 20----30mm.
(9).Engine fan blade should be located in the middle of
radiator.
Clutch pedal
Oil level
(5)
Brake pedal
(9)

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Part 2 Technique Introduction of TB Series Tractor: Lecturer Liu Yuanjun

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Part 2 Technique introduction of

Lecturer ： Liu yuanjun

Chapter Ⅰ Working principle of TB tractors

Transmission route from engine to wheels as follows:

Transfer box Final transmission

Transmission route indication chart of 8F+4R gearshift :

Transmission route indication

Transmission route indication chart of 16F+8R Creeper gearshift :

Single stage clutch structure

Dual stage clutch of TE series tractors

2. Structure and working principle of gearbox

first shaft assy

drive shaft of auxiliary gearshift

mid shaft output shaft

Transmission route of first gear ：

engine clutch First shaft

gear seat of Output gear

Reverse Ⅰgear transmission route

engine clutch First shaft

3.structure and working principle of rear axle

3.1 The function of central transmission mechanism ：

3.2 differential and differential lock

3.3 The function of final transmission

Transmit the engine power to the

outside in the form of rotation torque.

4. Front axle structure

1.Front axle 2 bearing

Front drive axle structure

Driven Transfer case

Middle gear Output shaft

Transmission route of front drive axle ：

drive gear of Mid gear

Semi-shaft Pinion set

Front drive Final

III Hydraulic Working Mechanism

lifter gear pump

filter Pipe line

Lifter working process ：

IV Electrical Appliance System

Battery alternator Starting motor

Appliance box Ignition lock

ⅴsteering and brake system

Steering oil tank

redirector Steering cylinder

5.2 structure and working principle of brake system

Brake housing Spacer plate

ⅰRepair and adjustment methods of engine:

2. Fitting and adjusting of alternator

3 Replacement of diesel filter and oil filter

4. Adjusting of air clearance

Air valve out in out in out in out in

TDP of the fourth cylinder Y Y Y Y

ⅱ Adjusting and repair of chassis transmission

1.1 Adjusting of clutch:

Adjusting methods: loosen lock

between release lever and

b ． Free travel of clutch pedal is 15-