Meaning of internet , brief

history and basic internet

terms
 What is internet?
INTERCONNECTED + NETWORK
The Internet is the global system of
interconnected computer network that uses the TCP/IP to
communicate between networks and devices. It is
a network of networks that consists of private, public,
academic, business, and government networks of local to
global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic,
wireless, and optical networking technologies. 
 Brief History
1984-On Jan
1 the
 Advanced Research Projects Agency 1974-TCP internet with
specification its 1000
Network (ARPANET)was the first WAN by Vinten hosts
converts en
Cerf.
1968-DARPA messe to ip
and had only four sites in 1969. contracts BNN for its
messaging.
to create
ARPANET
In 1982 the word internet started.

1986: first “freenet” created in Case

Western Reserve University.

1991: US Government allowed business

agencies to connect to inter net.
 Brief History
…….
• Now all people can connect to
internet and improve their work
and life quality.

• As per statista.com there are

approximately 4.66 billion
Vinten Cerf
Father of internet people actively using internet.
Co-designer of internet protocol
 Basic Internet Terminologies
Internet, by definition is a network of networks that interacts with
each other through exchange of data packets. There are few basic
internet terminologies as follows
 IP Address
An IP address is a unique address that identifies
a device on the internet or a local network.

IP stands for "Internet Protocol," which is the

set of rules governing the format of data sent via
the internet or local network.

An IP address is a string of numbers separated

by periods.
• IP addresses are expressed as a set of
four numbers — an example address
might be 192.158.1.38. Each number in
the set can range from 0 to 255.

• So, the full IP addressing range goes

from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

 Bandwidth
• Bandwidth describes the maximum data
transfer rate of a network or Internet
connection.

• It measures how much data can be sent over a

specific connection in a given amount of time.

• For example, a gigabit Ethernet connection has

a bandwidth of 1,000 Mbps (125 megabytes per
second).
 Word Wide Web(WWW)
• The World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known
as the Web, is an information system where documents
and other web resources are identified by Uniform
Resource Locators .
• It is the system of internet services that supports the
document which are formed using HTML.
• A web page is given an online address called a Uniform
Resource Locator (URL). A particular collection of web
pages that belong to a specific URL is called a website,
e.g., www.facebook.com, www.google.com, etc. So, the
World Wide Web is like a huge electronic book whose
pages are stored on multiple servers across the world.
 Modems
Modem is a network device that enables a computer to transfer data from telephone line to computer and computer
to telephone lines.
The word modem is derived from

modulator and demodulator.

The process of converting digital information

into analog signal is called modulation.

The process of converting analog signals

into digital signals is known as demodulation.

A modem is typically used to send digital data over a phone line. The sending modem modulates the data into a
signal that is compatible with the phone line and the receiving modem demodulates the signal back into digital data
External & Internal Modems

 External modem :- This is a modem separated  Internal modem :- An internal modem is a circuit
from the system unit in the computer case. It is board ( a modem card) that
connected to the serial port of the computer by
can be added to the system unit of the computer. It
means of a cable . It is connected to the telephone
takes one of the expansion slots.
wall jack by another cable.
 Standard & Intelligent Modems

 Standard Modem :- Most modems used today  Intelligent Modems :- Intelligent modems are
are called standard modems. also called advanced modems.

These modem are usually operated by commands These modems can accept new intructions and
respond to the commands while transmitting data
entered from a microcomputer keyboard.
and information
Short – Haul & Wireless modems

 Short- Haul modem :- Short-haul modems are  Wireless modem :- Wireless modems transmit
devices that transmit signals down the cable the data signals through the air instead of by

through any COM1 port.

using a cable . They sometimes are called radio
frequency modem.
 Routers
 A Router is a networking device that forwards data packets

between computer network. Routers perform the traffic directing

function on the internet. Data sent through the network such as

web page or email, is in the form of data packets

 It is connected to at least two networks. These networks

may be two LANs, two WAN, or a LAN and ISP.

 The most familiar type of IP routers are home and small

office routers that simply forward IP packets between the home

computer and the Internet.

 Gateway
 A gateway is a piece of networking hardware

used in telecommunication for telecommunications

networks that allows data to flow from one distinct from

routers or switches in that they communicate using more

than one protocol to connect a bunch of networks and can

operate of any of the seven layers of the open system

interconnection model (OSI).

 In an enterprise the gateway acts as a proxy server

and a firewall. Some gateways additionally perform

the function of routers.

Internet service provider (ISP)
 Internet service provider can be organized in various

forms such as commercial, community-owned,,

non-profit, or other wise privately owned.

 Internet service typically provided by ISPs can

include internet access , internet transit, domain

name registration, web hosting, usenet service,

and colocation.

 An ISP access point or the gateway that provider a user,

access to everything available on the internet.

 In India there is a large number of ISPs, Some of them are MTNL, BSNL, Satyam, Tata Indicom etc.
 Internet Telephony

• Internet Telephony refers to all types of

telephony services (Including phone calls, fax,

voice mail, video calls, and other forms

of communication) where calls and data are

sent digitally over the internet protocol (IP).

It is a powerful and economical tool for

making voice communications. It is enables a

user to make a call on the telephone using

internet telephony software, says Net2Phone, through internet.

 Browsers
A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is
a software application for accessing information on
the World Wide Web. When a user requests a web
page from a particular website, the web browser retrieves
the necessary content from a web server and then displays
the page on the user's device. The bowser carries out
following tasks on behalf of users:
It contacts the web server
Send request for desired information
Receives the information from server and processes it to
prepare a suitable view for the user.

Line text
ext-based web browser is a web
er that renders only the text of web
ges, and ignores graphic content.
Types of browsers
Browser
Graphical
Graphical browsers display text, images, and other
web applications including video and audio files
(as compared with text-only browsers)
Java
enabled
Java is a simple type of web programming in
which web pages are coded to do many
things including animation.
 Proxy Server
A proxy server provides a gateway between users and the internet.

It is a server, referred to as an “intermediary” because it goes

between end-users and the web pages they visit online.

When a computer connects to the internet, it uses an IP address.

This is similar to your home’s street address, telling incoming data

where to go and marking outgoing data with a return address for

other devices to authenticate. A proxy server is essentially a

computer on the internet that has an IP address of its own.

 How proxy server works?
A proxy server is basically a computer on the internet

with its own IP address that your computer knows.

When you send a web request, your request goes to the

proxy server first. The proxy server then makes your

web request on your behalf, collects the response from

the web server, and forwards you the web page data so

you can see the page in your browser.

 Intranet
An intranet is a computer network for sharing
information, collaboration tools, operational
systems, and other computing services within
an organization, usually to the exclusion of
access by outsiders. The term is used in
contrast to public networks, such as
the Internet, but uses most of the same
technology based on the Internet Protocol
Suite.
 BENEFITS
Workforce productivity: Intranets can help users to locate and
view information faster and use applications relevant to their
roles and responsibilities.

Communication: Intranets can serve as powerful tools for

communication within an organization.

Time: Intranets allow organizations to distribute information to

employees on an as-needed basis.

Enhanced Security: Intranet also provides a greater level of

security.
 Extranet
An extranet is a controlled private network that
allows access to partners, vendors and suppliers or an
authorized set of customers – normally to a subset of
the information accessible from an
organization's intranet. An extranet is similar to
a DMZ in that it provides access to needed services for
authorized parties, without granting access to an
organization's entire network.
Presentation By-
 Shipra 2194 (Page 2-9)
 Poonam Kumari 2286 (Page 10-17)
 Saloni Bisht 2250 (Page 18-24)