KYRGYZ RUSSIAN

SLAVIC UNIVERSITY
TOPIC- Macromolecular Protein Complexes

Presenter- Vipul Guddhe

Group- 7.20
Guided by- Zaripova A. A.

Bishkek
 CLASSIFICATION
 Glycoproteins and proteoglycans (contain a carbohydrate
component)
 Lipoproteins (contain lipid molecules)
 Chromoproteins: (contain colored component - pigment,
for example, hemoproteins contain heme)
 Metaloproteins (contain metal ions)
 Phosphoproteins (contain phosphate groups)
 Nucleoproteins (contain nucleic acids)
GLYCOPROTEINS
• Glycoproteins are proteins which contain oligosaccharide chains covalently
attached to amino acid side-chains.
• The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in a cotranslational or
posttranslational modification. This process is known as glycosylation.
• Secreted extracellular proteins are often glycosylated.
• Eg. collagen, mucins, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, immunoglobulins,
antibodies, histocompatibility antigens, hormones.
 Function
• Glycoproteins function in the structure, reproduction, immune system,
hormones, and protection of cells and organisms.
• Glycoproteins are found on the surface of the lipid bilayer of cell
membranes.
LIPOPROTEINS
• Lipoproteins are substances made of protein and fat that carry cholesterol
through your bloodstream.
• There are two main types of cholesterol: High-density lipoprotein (HDL),
or "good" cholesterol. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or "bad"
cholesterol.

 Function
• These lipoproteins play a key role in the absorption and transport of dietary
lipids by the small intestine, in the transport of lipids from the liver to
peripheral tissues, and the transport of lipids from peripheral tissues to the
liver and intestine (reverse cholesterol transport)
CHROMOPROTEINS
• A chromoprotein is a conjugated protein that contains a pigmented
prosthetic group (or cofactor).
• A common example is haemoglobin, which contains a heme cofactor,
which is the iron-containing molecule that makes oxygenated blood
appear red.
• A common example is haemoglobin, which contains a heme cofactor,
which is the iron-containing molecule that makes oxygenated blood
appear red. Other examples of chromoproteins include other
hemochromes, cytochromes, phytochromes and flavoproteins.
 Functions
• Because chromoproteins absorb visible light and give off color in ambient
light, it gives scientists the ability for instrument-free detection.
• Unlike fluorescence or luminescence, which require UV lamps,
fluorometers, or luminometers, chromoprotein detection can be done by the
naked eye.
METALOPROTEIN
S
• Metalloproteins are proteins bound by at least one metal ion.
• Metal ions are usually coordinated by four sites consisting of the
protein's nitrogen, sulphur and/or oxygen atoms.
• In metalloenzymes, one of the coordination sites is labile.

 FUNCTIONS
• Metalloproteins account for nearly half of all proteins in nature.
• Protein metal-binding sites are responsible for catalysing important
biological processes, such as photosynthesis, respiration, water
oxidation, molecular oxygen reduction and nitrogen fixation.
PHOSPHOPROTEINS
• A phosphoprotein is a protein that is posttranslationally modified by the
attachment of either a single phosphate group, or a complex molecule such
as 5'-phospho-DNA, through a phosphate group.
• The target amino acid is most often serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues,
or aspartic acid or histidine residues.
• Eg. casein (milk protein).
 FUNCTIONS
• Phosphoprotein P0 is a highly conserved ribosomal protein that forms
the central scaffold of the large ribosomal subunit's “stalk complex”,
which is necessary for recruiting protein elongation factors to the
ribosome.
NUCLEOPROTEINS
• Nucleoprotein, conjugated protein consisting of a protein linked to a nucleic
acid, either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid).
• The protein combined with DNA is commonly either histone or protamine;
the resulting nucleoproteins are found in chromosomes.
• Eg. ribosome, the enzyme telomerase, vault ribonucleoproteins, RNase P,
hnRNP and small nuclear RNPs (snRNPs),

 FUNCTIONS
• They exhibit broad biological effects including the proliferation of
DNA and RNA and the transcription, interaction, deletion, reformation
of DNA etc.
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION