ADVANCED

ENGINEERING
MATERIALS
 Introduction:-

Advanced engineering materials is a peer reviewed materials

science journal that publishes peer. Reviewed, communication
and full papers. On topics centered around structure materials.
Such a metals, alloys, ceramic, composites, plastics etc.
 Definition:-

• material are any materials that companies charge low price for.
Engineering materials are any materials that companies charge High
prices for. Advanced Engineering Materials are any materials that
companies charged extra high price for.
TWO Types Are Included In Advanced Engineering Materials:-

• 1. Nano Materials.
• 2. Smart Materials.
 Nano Materials:-

Nature,Properties and Applications:

Nanoparticles :
Particle size is in range from 0.1 mm to 100nm. 1 nanometer is equal to 10-9 meter.
They can be metals, alloys ,ceramics or biological materials.
Nanotechnology is manipulation of matter at atomic and molecular scale . It can be also defined as
‘the design, characteristics, production and application of devices by controlling shape and size at
nanometer level’.
 Mechanical Properties:

• Mechanical properties of nano particles change with size.

• At low temperatures, hardness and strength of materials increased with
reduction in particles size for example, nano crystals nickel is strong as
hardened steel.
• At high temperatures they show super plasticity. With decreased in size of
particles of nano materials, the super plasticity decreases.
• The melting point decreases with decreased in size of particles and rate of
decrease of melting temperature increases with decrease in size. Refer fig.1.1
 Application of Nano Materials:

1. To make harder cutting tools from nano materials such as toungstern

carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide. They have less wear and tear, are erosion
resistant and last longer.Micro drills of hair size can be made using nano materials.
2. Normally, ceramics are hard to machine but ceramics made from nano materials like
zirconia are superplastic and are used for producing high strength springs, ball
bearings for automotive applications.
3. Aerogel made from nano materials can be used as insulator, it is ecofriendly, light in
weight and can withstand heavy weight. They are produced by sol-gel techniques.
 Smart materials:
Introduction:
• Engineering field has evolved in many ways since its interception and
has become very become very dynamic and intricate in its approach. New
technologies, research and smart products require innovative and adaptive
materials for manufacturing in civil, mechanical, aerospace, naval sector.
This is fulfilled by smart materials. Smart materials are multifunctional
and got enhanced properties which are unseen in common elements and
materials.
 Types :-
(a) Shape memory materials:
• The most common group of materials that respond to a temperature
change with a shape change or elongation are shape memory alloys
(SMA).
• These alloys mainly titanium-Nickel alloys undergo a phase
transformation up to temperature change. These are also called thermo-
responsive materials. They can hold different shapes at various
temperatures. They can be deformed and regain original shapeand size.
 Uses:

1. Spectacle frame.
2. Dental arch wires and braces.
3. In civil structures.
4. Stent for veins.
 (B) Magneto restrictive materials:

Magntoristricton is the changing of the materials physical dimensions in

response to changing its magnetization. These materials will change its
shape when it is subjected to a magnetic field. They can convert magnetic
energy or reverse. Most ferromagnetic materials are measurable
magntoristricton.
 Uses:

• 1. In SONAR Device
2. Torque sensing
3. To build activators and sensors.
4. Inaerospaced.
 (C) pH sensitive materials:

These materials can change their colours as a resultant for change in pH .i.e.
basicity or acidity. For acid, pH value is less than 7, for base more than 7 and
7 for neutral.
• It is used to indicate corrosion levels in various metals.
 (D) Chlorogenic materials:

These are the materials which changes colours when electrical and thermal
changes are associated with it. These include electro chromic materials and
photo chromic materials. Electro chromic materials changes its colour when
voltage is applied and photo chromic materials change its colour in presence
of light.
 Uses:

• 1. Sunglasses, it changes to dark colours in presence of sunlight.

 Polymer gel :

A polymer gel is a type of gel that consists of a three – dimensional

cross-linked polymer network that can undergo significant deformation.
These gel can expand or shrink up to 1000 times in volume. These are also
known as hydrogels. Common type of gels are:
1. Poly-vinly alchohols
2. Poly-acrylic acid
3. Poly-acrylo nitrile
 Uses:

1. Manufacturing artificial muscles and robotic actuators.

2. Chemical manufacturing.
3. Petro chemical.
4. Paints and coatings.
Thank you