Chapter One

An Introduction to Assurance
and Financial Statement Auditing

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 The Demand for Auditing and
Assurance

The development of the corporate form of

business and the expanding world economy
over the last 200 years have given rise to
an explosion in the demand for assurance
provided by auditors.

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 Principals and Agents
A public company is a company that sells its stocks or
bonds to the public, giving the public a valid interest in
the proper use, or stewardship, over the company’s
resources.

Managers Stockholders

Agents Principals

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 The Role of Auditing

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 Auditing, Attest, and Assurance
Services Defined

Assurance
Auditing Attest
Services

A systematic process of objectively

obtaining and evaluating evidence
regarding assertions about economic
actions and events to ascertain the
degree of correspondence between
those assertions and established
criteria and communicating the results
to interested users.
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 Auditing, Attest, and Assurance
Services Defined

Assurance
Auditing Attest
Services

Services occur when a practitioner is

engaged to issue or does issue a
report on subject matter, or an
assertion about subject matter, that is
the responsibility of another party.

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 Auditing, Attest, and Assurance
Services Defined

Assurance
Auditing Attest
Services

Are independent professional services

that improve the quality of information,
or its context, for decision makers.

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McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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 1

Fundamental Concepts in Conducting a

Financial Statement Audit

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 1

Audit Risk
Audit risk is the risk that the auditor may
unknowingly fail to appropriately modify his or her
opinion on financial statements that are materially
misstated.

The auditor’s standard Reasonable assurance

report states that the audit
provides only reasonable
assurance that the
financial statements do not
contain material
misstatements.
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implies some risk that a
material misstatement
could be present in the
financial statements and
the auditor will fail to
detect it.
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 1

Materiality

Materiality is the magnitude of an

omission or misstatement of
accounting information that, in
light of surrounding
circumstances, makes it probable
that the judgment of a reasonable
person relying on the information
would have been changed or
influenced by the omission or
misstatement.
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 1

Evidence Regarding Management

Assertions
Evidence that assists the auditor in evaluating
management’s financial statement assertions
consists of the underlying accounting data and any
corroborating information available to the auditor.

Relevance Reliability

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 1

Sampling: Inferences Based on

Limited Observations

Auditors use (1) their knowledge about the

transactions and/or (2) a sampling approach to
examine the transactions.

It would be too
costly for the auditor
to examine every
transaction.

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 1

Major Phases of the Audit

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 1

End of Chapter 1

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