Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Biology I For Non-Majors: DNA Structure and Replication
Biology I For Non-Majors: DNA Structure and Replication
• In proofreading, the DNA pol reads the newly added base before adding the next one, so a
correction can be made
• If an incorrect base has been added, the enzyme makes a cut at the phosphodiester bond and releases the
wrong nucleotide
• Performed by the exonuclease action of DNA pol III
• Mismatch repair are corrections that occur after replication is completed
• Enzymes recognize the incorrectly added nucleotide and excise it; this is then replaced by the correct
base
• In nucleotide excision repair, enzymes replace incorrect bases by making a cut on both the
3′ and 5′ ends of the incorrect base
Viruses
• Lytic cycle
• The phage replicates and lyses the host cell
• Lysogenic cycle
• Phage DNA is incorporated into the host
genome, where it is passed on to subsequent
generations
• Called a prophage while in the host genome
Types of Viral Infections
• Acute disease
• Symptoms get increasingly worse for a short period followed by the elimination of the virus from the
body by the immune system and eventual recovery from the infection
• Chronic Infections
• Long-term
• Intermittent symptoms
• Only occasionally present
• Asymptomatic infection
• No symptoms are present in the host
Plant Viral Infections
• Horizontal transmission
• Between different plants
• Vertical transmission
• From parent to child
• Prions • Viroids
• Proteinaceous infectious particles • Plant pathogens
• No nucleic acids • Small, single-stranded circular RNA
particles
• Cause fatal neurodegenerative diseases
• Kuru
• Make no proteins
• Mad cow disease • Infect plants
Quick Review