ANATOMY OF

MALE GENITALIA

References:
Moore Anatomy
McKinley Anatomy
 MALE
GENITALIA
External Internal

Urethra Spermatic Cords Seminal Glands

Penis Testicles Ejaculatory Ducts

Scrotum Epididymis Prostate

Ductus Deferens Bulbo-urethal

glands
 Urethra
The urethra is a thin,
fibromuscular tube that
begins at the lower opening
of the bladder and extends
through the pelvic and
urogenital diaphragms to the
outside of the body, called
the external urethral orifice
 Penis
The penis is the male copulatory organ
and, by conveying the urethra, provides
the common outlet for urine and semen.

Root
Corpus cavernosa
Body
Corpus spongiosum
Glans

Thin skin, darkly pigmented.

Have prolonged skin layer in
prepuce
A: Fundiform ligament
B: Suspensory ligament
Vascularization
Innervation
 Scrotum
The scrotum is a cutaneous
fibromuscular sac for the
testes and associated
structures
 Lymphatic

Innervation
Spermatic Cords
The spermatic cord contains
structures running to and from the
testis and suspends the testis in the
scrotum

• Ductus deferens (vas deferens)

• Testicular artery
• Artery of ductus deferens
• Cremasteric artery
• Pampiniform venous plexus
• Sympathetic nerve fibers on arteries
and sympathetic and
parasympathetic nerve fibers on the
ductus deferens.
• Genital branch of the genitofemoral
nerve
• Lymphatic vessels
• Vestige of processus vaginalis
 Testicles
The testes (testicles) are the male gonads—
paired ovoid reproductive glands that
produce sperms (spermatozoa) and male
hormones, primarily testosterone
Innervation: Testicular Plexus of Nerve (T10-T11)
Lymphatic: Follow testicular artery -> preaortic and
para aortic nodes
The epididymis is an elongated structure
on the posterior surface of the testis

Play a role to mature and storage sperm

Epididymis
 Ductus Deferens
The ductus deferens (vas deferens) is the
continuation of the duct of the epididymis (45 cm)
Has relatively thick muscular walls and a minute
lumen, giving it a cord-like firmness.

->Begins in the tail of the epididymis, at the inferior

pole of the testis
-> Ascends posterior to the testis, medial to the
epididymis.
->Penetrates the anterior abdominal wall via the
inguinal canal.
->Crosses over the external iliac vessels and enters
the pelvis.
->Passes along the lateral wall of the pelvis, where it
lies external to the parietal peritoneum.
->Ends by joining the duct of the seminal gland to
form the ejaculatory duct.
 The superior ends of the seminal glands are covered
with peritoneum and lie posterior to the ureters

The inferior ends of the seminal glands are closely

related to the rectum and are separated from it only
by the rectovesical septum

Each seminal gland (vesicle) is an elongated

structure (approximately 5 cm long or shorter) that
lies between the fundus of the bladder and the
rectum

They secrete a thick alkaline fluid with fructose

(an energy source for sperms), and a coagulating
agent that mixes with the sperms as they pass into
the ejaculatory ducts and urethra.

Seminal Glands
 Ejaculatory Ducts
The ejaculatory ducts are slender tubes that arise by
the union of the ducts of the seminal glands with the
ductus deferentes.

The ejaculatory ducts (approximately 2.5 cm

long) arise near the neck of the bladder, and
run close together as they pass antero-
inferiorly through the posterior part of the
prostate and along the sides of the prostatic
utricle.
 Prostate
The prostate (approximately 3 cm long, 4 cm
wide, and 2 cm in antero-posterior) is the
largest accessory gland of the male
reproductive system

The firm, walnut-size prostate surrounds the

prostatic urethra. The glandular part makes
up approximately two thirds of the prostate;
the other third is fibromuscular
Organ Relations

• A base closely related to the neck of the bladder.

• An apex that is in contact with fascia on the superior
aspect of the urethral sphincter and deep perineal
muscles.
• A muscular anterior surface. The anterior surface is
separated from the pubic symphysis by retroperitoneal
fat in the retropubic space.
• A posterior surface that is related to the ampulla of the
rectum.
• Inferolateral surfaces that are related to the levator ani.
 The prostatic ducts (20–30) open chiefly into the prostatic
sinuses that lie on either side of the seminal colliculus on the
posterior wall of the prostatic urethra

Prostatic fluid, a thin, milky fluid, provides approximately 20%

of the volume of semen (a mixture of secretions produced by
the testes, seminal glands, prostate, and bulbourethral glands
that provides the vehicle by which sperms are transported) and
plays a role in activating the sperms
Bulbo-uretheral glans
The two pea-size bulbo-urethral glands (Cowper
glands) lie posterolateral to the intermediate part
of the urethra
Innervation of internal structure
The ductus deferens, seminal glands, ejaculatory ducts, and prostate are richly innervated by
sympathetic nerve fibers.

Presynaptic sympathetic fibers originate from cell bodies in the intermediolateral cell column of
the T12–L2 (or L3)

Presynaptic parasympathetic fibers from S2 and S3 spinal

cord segments traverse pelvic splanchnic nerves

The sympathetic system stimulates contraction of the internal urethral sphincter to prevent
retrograde ejaculation. Simultaneously, it stimulates rapid peristaltic-like contractions of the
ductus deferens, and the combined contraction of and secretion from the seminal glands and
prostate that provide the vehicle (semen), and the expulsive force to discharge the sperms during
ejaculation.

The function of the parasympathetic innervation of the internal genital organs is unclear.
However, parasympathetic fibers traversing the prostatic nerve plexus form the cavernous nerves
that pass to the erectile bodies of the penis, which are responsible for producing penile erection.