Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Construction Materials Concrete
Construction Materials Concrete
MATERIALS and
CONCRETE
BARAN ARSLAN - 20519522
AYÇA ŞEKER - 20772831
SERKAN KOÇ - 20519814
T.GİZEM AKSOY - 20519497
A.DİLEK SAYINTA- 20519981
GOALS
To give brief information about
I. Concrete-properties,production,composition
II. Cement-types of cement,mostly used cement
III. Construction Materials-mostly used ones.
To give ideas about how presentation is made
To upgrade our skills on making presentation
Outline
CONCRETE
1-What is concrete?
2-Composition of concrete
a) Water
b) Aggregates
c) Reinforcement
d) Chemical admixtures
e) Cement
3-Concrete production
f) Mixing Concrete
g) Workability
h) Curing
Outline continued
4-Properties of Concrete
5-Types of Concrete
6-Concrete Testing
7-Concrete Recycling
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
a) Asphalt
b) Aggregate
c) Brick
d) Gypsum
References
6F9FD7DE0FF7/0/ConcreteRecycler3.jpg
http://www.inlandcanada.com/NR/rdonlyres/F0EBC912-01A0-4D58-AE7D-
CONCRETE
WHAT IS CONCRETE?
Construction material
Mixture of portland cement, water, aggregates,
Aggregates
Chemical admixtures
Cement
http://www.bu.edu/sjmag/scimag2008/images/Texture__Concret
e_Cracked_by_ivelt_resources.jpg
WATER
http://img.alibaba.com/photo/11654315/Portla
nd_Cement_42_5_N_R.jpg
CEMENT
Uses
Main use is in the fabrication of concrete and mortars
Modern uses
-Building (floors, beams, columns, roofing, piles, bricks,
mortar, panels, plaster)
-Transport (roads, pathways, crossings, bridges, viaducts,
tunnels, parking, etc.)
-Water (pipes, drains, canals, dams, tanks, pools, etc.)
-Civil (piers, docks, retaining walls, silos, warehousing,
poles, pylons, fencing)
-Agriculture (buildings, processing, housing, irrigation)
CEMENT
HYDRAULIC CEMENTS:
Hydraulic lime: Only used in specialized mortars. Made
Workability
Curing
Mixing concrete
Essential for
I. The production of uniform concrete,
II. High quality concrete.
Equipment and methods should be capable
of effectively mixing
http://en.yujianjx.com/upload/Concrete-Mixing-Plants-HZS50.jpg
Workability
The ease with which freshly mixed concrete can be placed and
finished without segregation.
Difficult to measure but ready-mix companies usually have
experience in determining the proper mix.
Important to accurately describe what the concrete is to be
used for, and how it will be placed.
Curing
Concrete that has been specified, batched, mixed, placed, and
finished "letter-perfect" can still be a failure if improperly or
inadequately cured.
Usually the last step in a concrete
project and, unfortunately,
is often neglected even by professionals.
http://www.eagleind.com/piclib/324.jpg
Curing
Curing has a major influence on the properties of hardened
concrete such as durability, strength, water-tightness, wear
resistance, volume stability, and resistance to freezing and
thawing.
Proper concrete curing for agricultural and residential
applications involves keeping newly placed concrete moist
and avoiding temperature extremes (above 90°F or below
50°F) for at least three days.
A seven-day (or longer) curing time is recommended.
Curing
The best curing method depends on:
Cost,
Materials available,
sheets,
Applying membrane-forming curing compounds.
Curing
http://epg.modot.mo.gov/files/thumb/b/b2/1055.jpg/400px-
1055.jpg
Properties of concrete
Strength
Elasticity
Cracking
Shrinkage cracking
Tension cracking
Strength
Concrete has relatively
High compressive strength,
- water-cementitious ratio
-the design constituents
- the mixing
-placement
-curing methods
Elasticity
Function of the modulus of elasticity of the aggregates and the
cement matrix and their relative proportions
The American Concrete Institute allows the modulus of
elasticity to be calculated using the following equation:
where
wc = weight of concrete (pounds per cubic foot) and where
http://www.hughpearman.com/2007/illustrat
ions/shibboleth01.jpg
Shrinkage cracking
Occur when concrete members undergo restrained volumetric
changes (shrinkage) as a result of either drying, autogenous
shrinkage or thermal effects.
http://epg.modot.org/files/thumb/3/39/216_Removal_of_existing_expa
nsion_joint.jpg/550px-216_Removal_of_existing_expansion_joint.jpg
Tension cracking
http://www.antouncivil.com.au/vca/Images/testing.jpg
Asphalt
Aggregate
Brick
Gypsum
ASPHALT
Also known as bitumen
Dark brown to black
Highly viscous
Hydrocarbon produced from
petroleum distillation residue. http://www.ekocozum.com/blog/wp-
content/uploads/2008/05/asfalt.jpg
At least 80% carbon, which explains
its deep black color.
Sulphur is another ingredient.
Primarily used as a sealant for
rooftops and a durable surface for
roads, airport runways, playgrounds
and parking lots.
ASPHALT
http://www.cranedigital.com/case_studies/oil_and_gas/fractional_distillation_column2.jpg
Asphalt can be separated
from the other components in
crude oil
By the process of fractional
distillation, usually under
vacuum conditions.
TYPES OF ASPHALT
.jpg
http://www.highwaysmaintenance.com/JPEGsurf/smisSMA
Mastic asphalt.
Rolled Asphalt
Made of aggregate, or solid materials such as sand, gravel, or
recycled concrete, with an asphalt binder.
Used to make roads and other surfaces, such as parking lots,
by being applied in layers and compacted.
Different types of rolled asphalt are distinguished according to
the process used to bind the aggregate with the asphalt.
TYPES OF ROLLED ASPHALT
Hot mix asphalt concrete (HMAC)
- Produced at 160 degrees
Celsius.
-This high temperature serves to
decrease viscosity and
moisture during the
manufacturing process,
resulting in a very durable
material.
-HMAC is most commonly used
for high-traffic areas, such as http://www.crossroadspaving.com/images/asphalt-paving-repair.jpg
http://www.e-
470.com/images/newsSMAfullsized.jpg
MASTIC ASPHALT
Stone mastic asphalt (SMA), is another variety.
Durability
- A measure of how asphalt binder physical properties
change with age.
- Sometimes called age hardening
. - In general, as an asphalt binder ages, its viscosity
increases and it becomes more stiff and brittle.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
ASPHALT
Rheology
The study of deformation and flow of matter.
Purity.
Asphalt cement, as used in HMA paving, should consist of
almost pure bitumen.
Impurities are not active cementing constituents and may be
harmful to asphalt performance.
AGGREGATE
In hand-sized samples.
Can be transparent or opaque.
OCCURRENCE GYPSUM
In metalurgy industry ,
glass industry for lining
furnaces.
Hard
Durable
Rectangular
Smallish
Holds heat well/insulates
Compact
Come in several earth-tone colors
Cheap
REFERENCES
WEB,http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/materialsgrp/cement.html
WEB ,http://www.concrete.org/general/fE4-03.pdf
WEB,http://architecture.arqhys.com/construction/properties-asphalt.html
WEB,http://www.cement.org/basics/concretebasics_aggregate.asp
Standard specification for portland cement (AASHTO M 85-89). 1986. AASHTO standard
specification for transportation materials. Part I, Specifications. 14th ed.
Powers, T. C., L. E. Copeland, J. C. Hayes, and H. M. Mann. 1954. Permeability of portland
cement paste. ACl Journal Proceedings 51 (3):285-98.
Whiting, D. 1988. Permeability of selected concretes. ACI special publication. Permeability of
concrete SP-108: 195-222.
Tsuji, Y., and N. Miyake. 1988. Chemically prestressed precast concrete box culverts.
Concrete International: Design and Construction 10 (5):76-82 (May).
Ramachandran, V. S., and R. F. Feldman. 1984. Cement science. In Concrete admixtures
handbook: Properties, science, and technology, ed. V. Ramachandran, 1-54. Park Ridge, N.J.:
Noyes Publications.
Thank you for your attention