ROLE OF IT IN COMMUNICATION

ISHU MITTAL
ANEESH SINGLA
GAURAV NAIR
MONIKA
 WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
• Communication involves the sharing of ideas
and information.
• communication as:
• the act of transmitting
• a giving or exchanging of information, signals, or messages as by talk,
gestures, or writing
• the information, signals, or message
• close, sympathetic relationship
• a means of communicating; specif., a system for sending and receiving
messages, as by telephone, telegraph, radio, etc.
• a system as of routes for moving troops and material
• a passage or way for getting from one place to another
• the art of expressing ideas, esp. in speech and writing
• the science of transmitting information, esp. in symbols
 Means of Communication
• In early records, hieroglyphics and primitive cave paintings were used to communicate
information and transmit messages. Oral stories and traditions were also passed down
through generations and eventually many of these stories also came to be written
down in some cultures.
• The use of carrier pigeons, followed by Morse code and telegraph technology
expanded the reach of communication, making it possible for people to send
messages over longer distances.
• Today, communication has expanded and is easier than ever before. Television allows
messages to be communicated quickly and instantly to millions of viewers worldwide,
and viewers can watch events such as political elections unfold in real time.
• Perhaps nothing has changed communication so much as the Internet. While
television and radio provided one-way communication, the Internet allows for the
two-way exchange of information and lets people throughout the world send data
instantly and share ideas immediately and with almost no cost. Video chat, instant
messages and even voice-over-IP telephone systems make it possible to connect with
and communicate with more people than ever before.
 IT??
• IT deals with the use of electronic computers and
computer software to securely convert, store,
protect, process, transmit, input, output, and
retrieve information.
• When computer and communications technologies
are combined, the result is information technology,
sometimes called "infotech." Information technology
is a general term that describes any technology that
helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate,
and/or disseminate information.
Communication Channels
• Voice Channels
• First thing that comes to mind is telephone systems and the phone at home. Talking to
someone on the phone uses Voice Channels. This doesn't seem to have much to do with
Networks!
• We do use voice channels for modem communications to connect to BBSs (Bulletin Board
Services) or to connect to the Internet. We also use voice channels to connect LANs using
remote access. Due to the bandwidth limits on the Voice Channel, the data transfer rate is
relatively slow.
• Voice Channel: Dial-up connection through a modem using standard telephone lines.
Typical Voice Channel communication rates are: 300, 1200, 2400, 9600, 14.4k, 19.2k,
28.8k, 33.6k and 56 kbps (bits per second).
• 5b. Data Channels
• Data channels are dedicated lines for communicating digitized voice and data. At the end
of 1996, there was a major milestone where more data was communicated in North
America's telecommunications system than voice.
 
ROLE OF IT IN COMMUNICATION
 LAN
• Local Area Networks - a system of computers
that share resources such as hard-drives,
printers, data, CPU power, fax/modem,
applications, etc... They usually have
distributed processing - means that there is
many desktop computers distributed around
the network and that there is no central
processor machine (mainframe). Can be
campus wide like a college or university.
 MAN
• Metropolitan Area Networks: a system of LANs
connected through out a city or metropolitan.
MANs are used to connect to other LANs. A MAN
has to have the requirement of using a
telecommunication media such as Voice Channels
or Data Channels. Branch offices are connected to
head offices through MANs. Examples of
companies that use MANs are universities and
colleges, grocery chains and banks.
 WAN
• Wide Area Networks: a network system
connecting cities, countries, continents
together. TransCanada Pipeline has a WAN that
stretches from Alberta to Boston. It goes from
Alberta to Ontario then through the States and
ends up in Boston. The maintenance and
control of the network resides in Calgary.
WANs are connected together using one of the
telecommunications media.
 HUBS
• Hubs are also called Multiport Repeaters or
Concentrators. They are physical hardware
devices.
• Hubs are used to provide a Physical Star
Topology.
 ROUTERS
• Routers
• Routers are hardware and software devices.
They can be cards that plug into a collapsed
backbone, stand-alone devices (rack mount or
desktop) or software that would run on a file
server with 2 NICs.
 BLUETOOTH
• Bluetooth is an open wireless technology
standard for exchanging data over short
distances (using short wavelength radio
transmissions) from fixed and mobile devices,
creating personal area networks (PANs) with
high levels of security.
• Created by telecoms vendor Ericsson in 1994
 Security of bluetooth
• Bluetooth implements confidentiality, authentication and key
derivation with custom algorithms based on the SAFER+
block cipher. Bluetooth key generation is generally based on a
Bluetooth PIN, which must be entered into both devices. This
procedure might be modified if one of the devices has a fixed PIN
(e.g., for headsets or similar devices with a restricted user interface).
During pairing, an initialization key or master key is generated, using
the E22 algorithm.[38] The E0 stream cipher is used for encrypting
packets, granting confidentiality and is based on a shared
cryptographic secret, namely a previously generated link key or
master key. Those keys, used for subsequent encryption of data sent
via the air interface, rely on the Bluetooth PIN, which has been
entered into one or both devices.
 WI-FI
• Wi-Fi (pronounced /ˈwaɪfaɪ/) is a trademark of
the Wi-Fi Alliance that manufacturers may use
to brand certified products that belong to a
class of wireless local area network (WLAN)
devices
• Wi-Fi technology has its origins in a 1985 ruling
by the U.S. Federal Communications
Commission that released several bands of the
radio spectrum for unlicensed use.
 uses
• Internet access
• city wide wi fi
• campus wide wi fi
• Direct computer-to-computer
communications
 Wi max
• WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access) is a telecommunications
protocol that provides fixed and fully mobile
internet access. The current WiMAX revision
provides up to 40 Mbit/s[1][2] with the
IEEE 802.16m update expected offer up to 1
Gbit/s fixed speeds.
 uses
• The bandwidth and range of WiMAX make it suitable for the
following potential applications:
• Providing portable mobile broadband connectivity across cities and
countries through a variety of devices.
• Providing a wireless alternative to cable and DSL for "last mile"
broadband access.
• Providing data, telecommunications (VoIP) and IPTV services (
triple play).
• Providing a source of Internet connectivity as part of a business
continuity plan.
• Providing a network to facilitate machine to machine
communications, such as for Smart Metering.