Stabilization of sub-

graded soils

By
N.MANASA VENKAT
1010901015
IV B tech, Civil Engineering.
Over view
 Soil stabilization
 Methods of Soil stabilization
 Soil cement stabilization
 Soil lime stabilization
 Utilization of fly ash
 Utilization of steel slags
 Conclusion
Improving the Engineering properties of soils used for
pavement base courses, sub-base courses, and sub-
grades by the use of additives which are mixed into
the soil to effect the desired improvement
Need for Soil Stabilization
The purpose of sub-grade stabilization is to
enhance the strength of the sub-grade.
 Encouraging the use of Industrial Wastages in
building low cost construction of roads.
Methods of soil stabilization
 Soil Cement Stabilization
 Soil lime Stabilization
 Lime fly ash stabilization
• Soil Cement is an intimate mix of soil,
cement and water, compacted to form a
strong base course
• Soil Cement can be used as a sub-base or
base course for all types of Pavements
• Soil Lime has been widely used as a modifier or a
binder
• Soil Lime also imparts some binding action even in
granular soils
Soil-Lime is effectively used in Expansive
soils with high plasticity index.
 Utilisation of fly ash
Can be used for construction of
 Embankments and backfills
 Stabilisation of subgrade and sub-base
 Rigid and semi-rigid pavements

Major constituents - oxides of silica,

aluminum, iron, calcium & magnesium
Environmentally safe material for road
construction
Favourable properties of fly ash
Light weight, lesser pressure on sub-soil
High shear strength
Ease of compaction
High permeability
Non plastic
Faster rate of consolidation and low
compressibility
Can be compacted using vibratory or static roller
Okhla flyover approach embankment
Filter
Facing medium Geogrids
panels

7.8 to
5.9 m

Reinforced foundation mattress of bottom ash

 Erection of facing panels

Okhla flyover approach embankment

Rolling of pond ash

Hanuman Setu flyover approach embankment
Fly ash for road construction

 Mixing with soil reduces plasticity characteristics of

subgrade
 Addition of small percentage of lime or cement
greatly improves strength
 Lime-fly ash mixture is better alternative for
construction of WBM / WMM
 Bituminous concrete 40 mm
DBM 100 mm
BM 75 mm
WBM Gr III/WMM 75 mm
Fly ash + 6% cement
stabilised layer 150 mm

Pond ash 350 mm

Typical cross section of flexible

pavement – using fly ash
 Fly ash admixed PQC 300 mm

DLFC 100 mm

Pond ash 300 mm

Typical cross section of rigid pavement

– using fly ash
Demonstration road project using fly ash near Dadri
(U.P)

Stabilised base course Compaction of RCCP

Utilisation of steel slags
 Total production of slag from steel
industries is about 8.0 million tons
 Types of slags
 Blast furnace slag
 Granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS)
 Air cooled slag
 Steel slag
 Granulated blast
furnace slag
Contains reactive silica
Suitable for lime / cement
stabilisation

Air cooled blast

furnace slag
Non – reactive
Suitable for use as
coarse aggregates
Steel slags

 Particle size varies from 80 mm to 300

microns
 Compared to blast furnace slag, steel slag
contains lower amount of silica, higher
amounts of iron oxide and calcium oxide.
 Construction of
test track using
slag at Orissa

Labour based techniques

for construction of
stabilised layer
Processed municipal wastes

Processed municipal wastes

utilised for construction of test
track on village road near Delhi
Kimberlite tailings

Kimberlite tailings are waste produced from

diamond mining
High value of water absorption makes them
unsuitable for use in bituminous pavement
 conclusion
The benefits of using cement and additives are to:
 improve the soils' strength
 workability
 durability
 reduce plasticity
 reduce pavement thickness
 for dust control during construction
REFERENCES
 Dr.K.R.Arora- Soil mechanics and foundation
engineering (Geotechnical Engineering )
B.C.Punmia- Soil mechanics and foundation
engineering
 C.Venkataramaiah-Geotechnical Engineering
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THANK YOU