山东丽村电站技术有限公司

Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

一：三相电动机 Three-phase
1 三相交流异步电动机工作原理 Three-phase AC induction
motor works ：
(1) 当三相异步电机接入三相交流电源时，三相定子绕组流过
三相对称电流产生的三相磁动势（定子旋转磁动势）并产生旋
转磁场。 When the three-phase asynchronous motor access
to three-phase AC power, Three-phase stator winding flows
through the three-phase symmetric current magneto motive
force
(2) 该旋转磁场与转子导体有相对切割运动 , 根据电磁感应原
理 , 转子导体产生感应电动势并产生感应电流。 Relative
cutting movement of the rotating magnetic field and the rotor
conductor, According to the principle of electromagnetic
induction, the rotor conductor is induced electromotive force
and induced current.
 山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

• （ 3 ）根据电磁力定律，载流的转子导体在磁场中受到电
磁力作用，形成电磁转矩，驱动转子旋转，当电动机轴上
带机械负载时，便向外输出机械能。电机的转速（转子转
速）小于旋转磁场的转速，从而叫为异步电机。它和感应
电机基本上是相同的。 s=(ns-n)/ns 。 s 为转差率， ns
为磁场转速， n 为转子转速。 According to the law of
electromagnetic force, the carrier of the rotor
conductor in a magnetic field by the
electromagnetic force, The formation of
electromagnetic torque and Drive of rotor will
exporting the mechanical energy When the motor
shaft with a mechanical load. The speed of the
motor (rotor speed) is less than the speed of the
rotating magnetic field, which called the induction
motor. And induction motors are basically the
same. s = (ns-n) / ns. s is the slip ratio, ns is the
speed of magnetic field, n is the rotor speed.
 山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

• 异步电动机的转速总是不能达到定子旋转磁场的转速，即
永远低于同步转速。否则，转子中就没有电势和电流，也
就不能产生推动转子的电磁力矩。所以，转子转速和旋转
磁场转速之间存在着差异，“异步”之名就是由此而
来。 Asynchronous motor speed is not always
reach the speed of the stator rotating magnetic
field, that is always lower than the synchronous
speed. Otherwise, the in rotor there is no
potential and current, also cannot produce to
promote the electromagnetic torque of the rotor.
Therefore, the rotor speed and rotating magnetic
field speed difference, "asynchronous" in the
name of the resulting.
 山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

• 2 电动机结构： Electric motor structure

• 三相异步电动机结构主要有静止部分定子和转动部分转子两个部分组
成
• 定子又分绕组、铁芯、和机座三部分。 The main three-phase
asynchronous motor structure there are stationary part of
the stator, rotor rotating part of two partsand stator was
divided into winding, core, and the base of three parts.
• 转子有铁芯和绕组俩部分组成，根据转子的绕组形式分为鼠笼式转子
和绕线式转子两大类。 Rotor has core and two parts of
winding, according to the rotor windings, it divided into two
categories are a squirrel-cage rotor and wound rotor.
• 转子铁芯一方面作为电动机磁路的一部分，一方面用来放置转子绕组
（绕线形的）或铸铝的铝条（鼠笼） Rotor core on the one hand
is a part of the motor magnetic circuit, On the one hand is
placed in rotor winding (winding-shaped) or cast of an
aluminum (squirrel cage)
 山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

• 电动机额定数据： Rated motor data

• A: 额定功率：指电动机在额定运行情况下输出的机械功率，单位为
KW 。 Rated power:
• Refers to the mechanical power output by the electric motor under
the rated operation, unit is KW.
• B: 额定电压：指正常工作状态下电网加在电动机定子绕组的额定线电压，
单位为： V 。
• Rated voltage: Refers to the power grid under normal working
condition plus the rated line voltage in the electric motor stator
windings. Unit is V.
• C ：额定电流：指电动机在额定电压和额定频率下，并输出额定功率时定子
绕组的三相线电流，单位 A 。 Rated current: Refers to the electric
motor rated voltage and frequency, and rated output power of the
stator windings of three-phase line current. Unit is A.
• D ：定子绕组接法：表示在额定电压下，电动机定子绕组的连接方式，例
如定子绕组接成 Y 形或△形。若电压不变，二把定子绕组接线接错，则电动
机会烧毁。
• Stator winding connection: Indicates that the rated voltage, the
motor stator windings connection and such as the stator winding
are connected as a Y-shape or △-shaped
 山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

• E: 额定频率：应接电网的频率，单位 HZ 。 Rated frequency:

Should be connected to the grid frequency, units HZ.
• F: 额定转速：是指电动机在额定电压、额定频率下‚输出端有额定
功率输出时‚ 转子的转速‚单位为转 / 分 (r/min) 。由于生产机械对
转速的要求不同‚需要生产不同磁极数的异步电动机‚因此有不同的转
速等级。最常用的是四个极的异步电动机 (n0=l500 r/min) 。
• Rated speed: Refers to the electric motor at the rated
voltage, Rated frequency, Output rated output power, the
rotor speed, Unit is Rev / sub (r/min). Because Production
of machinery requires a different speed, need to produce
the different number of pole asynchronous motor.
Therefore, there are different speed grades. The most
commonly used is a four pole asynchronous electric motor
(n0 = l500 r / min).
• G: 额定功率因数 cosn ：因为电动机是电感性负载‚定子相电流比
相电压滞后一个角， cos 就是异步电动机的功率因数。 Rated
power factor cosn: Because the electric motor is an
inductive load, Stator current lags behind phase voltage an
angle. Cos is the power factor of induction motor.
 山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

• H: 型号：为了适应不同用途和不同工作环境的需要，电
动机制成不同的系列‚每种系列用各种型号表示。例如 y
132 m- 4 其中 y → 三相异步电动机，其中三相异步电
动机的产品名称代号还有： yr 为绕线式异步电动机； yb
为防爆型异步电动机； yq 为高起动转距异步电动机。
132→ 机座中心高 (mm) 。 m → 机座长度代号 。 4
→ 磁极数。
• Model: Adapt to different uses and different
needs of the working environment, The electric
motor made ​of a different series, each series with
a variety of models. For example, y-132 m-4
where y → three-phase asynchronous motor,
three-phase asynchronous electric motor
Products Name Code there are; yr for the wound
rotor induction motor; yb explosion-proof
asynchronous motor; yq asynchronous motor
with high starting torque. 132 → base center
height (mm). m → length of the base code. 4 →
number of poles.
 山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

• I ：绝缘等级：它是按电动机绕组所用的绝缘材料在使用
时容许的极限温度来分级的。
• Insulation class: It is used insulation material of
the motor winding that limit temperature to allow
when used classification.
• J: 所谓极限温度‚是指电动机绝缘结构中最热点的最高容
许温度。 The so-called extreme temperatures,
refers to the maximum allowable temperature in
the most popular spots of the motor insulation
structure.
• K: 工作方式：反映异步电动机的运行情况，可分为三种
基本方式：连续运行、短时运行和断续运行。 Working
methods: Reflect the operation of the
asynchronous electric motor; it can be divided
into three basic ways: continuous operation,
short-term operation and intermittent operation.