14变压器操作巡检

山东丽村电站技术有限公司
Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.
变压器操作与巡检
变压器的调压方式
Methods of transformers regulating voltage
无磁调压和有载调压
There are two methods to regulate voltage including no
magnetic voltage regulation and load voltage regulation.
变压器在运行中可以调节变压器分接头位置 , 从而改变变压器变比 , 以实现调
压目的。
Load voltage regulation refers that transformers can adjust
the tap position to change the transformation ratio in order
to regulating voltage.
无载调压变压器是变压器在没有励磁的条件下，用无励磁分接开关来改变变压
器的分接位置，进而改变变压器的变压比。
No magnetic voltage regulation refers that transformer
without excitation conditions, change the tap position of
transformer with the tap switch to change the
transformation ratio.
变压器投运前的检查测量 Transformers manipulation and

inspection
 （ 1 ）工作票已终结，安全措施已全部拆除，设备和现场卫生全部清
理；
 （ 2 ）油位计应在相应的环境温度刻度线上，油色为透明的淡黄色；
 （ 3 ）变压器各处不漏油、不渗油；
 （ 4 ）高低压引线应接好，相序正确，无动荡、松动现象；
 （ 5 ）外壳接地线接地牢固； Work ticket has been done,
safety precaution has been demolished and equipments at
site are all cleaned up.
 (2) Oil level gauge should be at the tick mark of the
environmental temperature and the oil is light yellow and
transparent.
 (3) There is no oil leakage and oil seepage for transformers.
 (4) The high and low voltage leading wire should be placed
well, with phase sequence correct, no turbulence and no
loosening.
 (5) The earthing wire of shell is earthed firmly.
 （ 6 ）温度计指示正确；
 （ 7 ）各冷油器、油枕到变压器的油门应全开；
 （ 8 ）瓦斯继电器内充满油，窥窗清洁；
 (6) The thermometer indicates correctly.
 (7) All the oil coolers and oil conservators to the
transformer should be fully open.
 (8) The gas relay is filled with oil and the peep
window should be clean.
 (9) The switches of the high and low sides are in
good condition.
 （ 10 ）各项分接头指示位置一致、正确；（ 11 ）呼吸器内硅
胶干燥；（ 12 ）做变压器断路器分合试验，检查保护装置定
值是否正确；（ 13 ）带冷却装置的变压器应检查冷却装置完
好，并做开启试验；变压器绝缘电阻测量。 10) All the tap
joints should indicate the same position correctly.
 (11) The silica gel of respirators should be dry.
 (12) Open-close test on circuit breaker should be
made to check whether the setting value of the
protection device is correct.
 (13) Transformers with a cooling device should be
checked the cooling device intact, opening test should
be carried out and insulation resistance should be
measured.
合闸、分闸原则
 先拉二次侧断路器、隔离开关，后拉一次侧断路器、隔
离开关，即必须先拉开断路器，用断路器切断负荷电流
；对无断路器的变压器可用隔离开关拉开 10KV 以下、
容量 320KVA 以下的空载变压器， 35KV 、容量
1000KVA 的空载变压器； 110KV 、容量 3200KVA
的空载变压器。
 The principles of transformers closing and opening
 Circuit breaker and isolating switch of the second side
should be pulled before the primary side pulled, namely
circuit breaker would be pulled to cut off loading
current source on the transformer. For no-load
transformers without circuit breaker, some of them
could be pulled open by isolated switch. The capacity of
these transformers is below 10KV and 320KVA, or at
35KV and 1000KVA or at 110KV and 3200KVA.
调压操作
 无载调压必须在变压器停电状态下进行；有
载调压可以在变压器运行的状态下进
行。 Operation of transformers
voltage regulating
 No-load voltage regulation must be in
the condition of transformers outage
and on-load voltage regulation could
be in the condition of transformer
operation
 正常监视：（ 1 ）值班人员应根据监控装置的指示，监视变压器
的运行，负荷是否超过额定容量，电流是否超过额定值，并监视
电压是否在正常的变化范围之内，通过监视三相电流及电压值来
判断三相负荷及三相电压是否平衡。还要每小时对变压器的参数
及油温抄表一次； (1) The watch-keepers should monitor
the transformers operation such as whether the load is
beyond the rated capacity, the current exceeds a rated
value or the voltage changes in the normal range
according to the indication of monitoring devices. Also
they should judge the three-phase load and voltage to
be in balance or not by monitoring the three-phase
current and voltage value. Besides they have to finish
meter reading of the transformer parameters and oil
temperature once an hour
 （ 2 ）应定期对变压器进行外部检查，每班不少于两次，新安装或大
修后第一次投运的变压器，最初八小时必须每两小时检查一次。对过
负荷运行的变压器应加强监视，根据天气变化（大风、雪、结冰、冷
、热等），应考虑增加检查次数，应专人进行。变压器冷却装置故障
时应增加检查次数。雷雨后，应检查套管有无放电现象，避雷器动作
情况。 (2) Transformers should be done external
examination regularly and each group could be no less than
two times. When transformers newly installed or overhaul
ones are in the first operation, they must be inspected once
two hours for the primary eight hours. Transformers of on-
load operation should be monitored intently and be
inspected more times by specially-assigned person
according to the changes in weather such as snow, ice,
wind, cold, heat etc. When transformers have trouble with
cooling devices, they should be increased inspection
frequency. After the thunderstorm, we should check the
casing to be discharged and the lightning arrester movable
or not.
运行中的检查项目
 （ 1 ）变压器储油柜的油位指示与实际环境相符，油色应正常且有无
渗油现象；
 （ 2 ）变压器正常运行为连续的“嗡嗡”声，本体无渗油、呼吸器应
完好，硅胶应干燥；
 （ 3 ）瓦斯继电器内充满油；
 （ 4 ）套管外部应清洁，无破损裂纹，无放电痕迹及其他异常现象；
 The inspection items in operation are as followings:
 (1) The oil level indicator of transformers should conform to the actual
circumstances, oil color should be as usual and there is no oil leakage.
 (2) Normal operation of the transformers sounds continuously" buzz".
There is no oil leakage for main body. Besides Respirator should be
intact and silica gel should be dry.
 (3) Gas relay is filled with oil.
 (4) Casing external should be clean. There are no cracks, discharge
tracks and other anomalies.
 （ 5 ）引线接头应无发热、变色现象；
 （ 6 ）变压器上有无杂物，外壳温度、冷却系统是否正常，有
载调压装置系统应正常；
 （ 7 ）外壳接地线接地牢固；
 （ 8 ）变压器室的门窗应完整，房内无漏水，照明良好，通风
正常。 (5) There are no fever and discoloration for
leading joints.
 (6) There is no debris on the transformers and the
shell temperature, cooling system and on-load voltage
regulator system should be normal.
 (7) The shell grounding wire should be earthed tightly.
 (8) Doors and windows of the transformer room should
be complete. The transformer room should be good
lighting and ventilation without water leakage.
运行中的特殊检查 Special examination in the operation

 （ 1 ）当系统发生短路故障或变压器故障跳闸后，应立即对变压器及
附属设备进行重点检查；
 （ 2 ）故障后应立即检查变压器有无爆裂、断脱、移位、变形、焦味
、烧伤、闪络、烟火及喷油现象；
 （ 3 ）雷雨天气或大雾天气检查瓷套管、绝缘子有无放电、闪络现象
(1) When the system has tripping operation for short circuit
or transformer faults, the transformer and ancillary
equipments should be checked immediately and carefully.
 (2) When fault happens, the transformer shall be
immediately checked if there are burst, break off, shift,
deformation, focal taste, burns, flash, fireworks and
collaterals injection or not.
 (3) In the storms or heavy fogs the porcelain casing and
insulator should be checked to be discharging or flashover.
 （ 4 ）气温骤冷或骤热，应检查变压器的油位及油温是否正常，各接
触点是否有变形或发热的现象；
 （ 5 ）变压器过负荷时，检查各部分应正常，冷却系统运行正常。
 （ 6 ）大风天气时，检查引线摆动情况及变压器上是否挂有杂物。
(4) When the temperature becomes cold or hot suddenly,
oil level of the transformer and the oil temperature should
to checked to be normal and all the contact points shall be
checked to have fever deformation or not.
 (5) When the transformer is over loading, all the parts
should be checked to be normal and cooling system should
be operating normally.
 (6) In the windy weather, the leading wire should be
checked to be swinging or not and clean the sundries on the
transformers.

14变压器操作巡检

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山东丽村电站技术有限公司

Shandong Licun Power Plant Technology Co., Ltd.

变压器投运前的检查测量 Transformers manipulation and

运行中的特殊检查 Special examination in the operation

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