LEADERSHIP

Dr D Immanuel
 Characteristics of
Charismatic Leader

1. Vision and Articulation

2. Personal Risk
3. Environmental sensitivity
4. Sensitivity to follower needs
5. Unconventional Behaviour
 Leadership Styles
-Hersey and Blanchard
Leader Behaviors – 2 dimensions
 Direction or Task oriented
 Support or People oriented
 Direction

Direction means telling people What to do, when to do,

how to do it and why it should be done

Involves: Explaining assignments

Providing Information
Giving instructions

Typified by: Downward communication

Close Supervision
Frequent feedback
 Support
Support Means respecting people’s knowledge and
involve them in decision making
Involves: Building people’s confidence
Helping them to accomplish assignments
Encouraging them to assume responsibility
Typified by: Upward communication
Seeking People’s ideas
Listening carefully to their responses
 LEADERSHIP STYLES
HIGH

High support
S3 S2
High Support
High Direction

Support

S4 S1
Low Support High Direction
Low Direction

LOW

LOW HIGH
Direction
 Situations

It depends on the maturity of the

employees

Maturity depends on the Ability and

Motivation of the followers
 Four Situations of the
subordinates Potential

P 1 Unable and Unwilling

P 2 Unable but willing
P 3 Able but unwilling
P 4 Able and willing
 LEADERSHIP STYLES

HIGH
High support S3 S2 High Support
High Direction
Support

S4 S1
Low Support High Direction
Low Direction
LOW
LOW HIGH
Direction

Potential P4 P3 P2 P1
Three Important Activities of a
Leader

Decision Making
Communication
Recognition
 Decision Making
HIGH
S
Members Decides
3 S2
Leader decide
with support with input

Members’
Participation
S4 S1
Members Leader decides
Decides alone alone

LOW

LOW Leader’s HIGH

Responsibility
 Communication
Active

Active Listening Active on both

S3 S2
Listening
Seeking info S4 S1
Limited on both Active influencing

Limited Influencing Active

(giving info)
 Recognition

S3 S2
Seeking/Accepting Providing input to
Support and guidance Decision Making

S4 S1
Assuming Responsibility Complying with
successfully Direction
 Effective and ineffective styles

Effective when used at Ineffective when used at

appropriate situations inappropriate situations
S 1 Directing S 1 Domination
S 2 Problem Solving S 2 Over involving
S 3 Developing S 3 Over accommodating
S 4 Delegating S 4 Abdicating
Leadership by Anticipation

Development
Intervention
Frustration
Empowerment
 Development

It shows the leader how and when to make

smoother transitions upward through the styles

S4

S3

S2

S1
 Intervention

It shows the leader how and when to make

smoother transitions downward through the styles

S4

S3

S2

S1
 Frustration

S3 S1

S4 S1
 Empowerment

The style changes that the best leaders do

S1 S4 S3 S2
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND
PERFORMANCE CONTRACTING
 DECISION MAKING STYLES
A I – Takes decision on his own without discussing with
others
A II - Takes decision after collecting relevant
information from others. Not disclosing the
purpose or problem.
C I – Present the problem to others individually and
asks for suggestion then takes decision, but the
decision may not reflect the suggestions.
C II – Present the problem in group and asks for the
suggestions, then takes decision. The decision
may not reflect the suggestions.
G II – Present the problem in group and asks for
consensus. Act as a facilitator.
Decision Tree by Vroom
THANK YOU