Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1 Cholera Background September
1 Cholera Background September
PAHO/CPC/PED
September 2011
dd
The Two Keys to Control Cholera
• Prevention
Ensure that there is safe water for those who are at
risk of becoming infected
• Treatment
Ensure that there is immediate, effective, safe,
treatment for those who are already infected
Cholera in the Caribbean
• Cholera background
• Classification of V. cholerae:
• Can survive, grow, and persist in both salt water and fresh water
• Malnourished individuals
• Immune-compromised individuals
600
Guyana
400
200
Belize
0 Suriname
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
Cholera Subtypes in the Caribbean
• 1991agent in Peru:
– Toxigenic O1
– El Tor
– Inaba
Rue
Camagnol
Lessons on Community Actions - 2
• Disinfection
- Water sources
- Houses of infected persons
- Vehicles used for transporting cases
- Bodies
Preparing for Cholera
• Personal hygiene:
– Purify drinking and cooking water
– Wash all food
– Wash hands before cooking or eating
– Use sanitation facilities for defecation
Prevention of Cholera - 2
• Environmental control:
– Provide clean water for the population
– Provide sanitary facilities for the population
– Increase food safety
• Social gatherings
• Market places
– Target high-risk populations
Prevention of Cholera - 3
(Note that WHO does NOT recommend placing restrictions on travel or trade)
Ocean Currents in the Caribbean
Risk Factors for Spread of Cholera
100% DOR
TCI
75%
BON STE
BDA SAB
0%
Risk of Spread of Cholera
100% DOR
75%
TCI
GUY
SVG SUR BZE
50% SXM
SLU DOM
MON
JAM ANG
25% BAH ANU CRE SKN STE CUR
TRT BVI
ARU BAR BON
BDA CAY SAB
0%
Risk of Cholera in the Caribbean
100
DOR
75
Risk of Spread of Cholera
GUY TCI
BZE
SUR SVG
50
SLU
SXM DOM
MON
ANG JAM
GRE
STE CUR
BAH
SKN ANU
25
TRT
BVI
BON
ARU BAR
BER
CAY
SAB
0
0 25 50 75 100
Risk of Introduction of Cholera
The Two Keys to Control Cholera
• Prevention
Ensure that there is safe water for those who are at
risk of becoming infected
• Treatment
Ensure that there is immediate, effective, safe,
treatment for those who are already infected
Thank You