A Review Paper on Extracting Waste Heat from the Engine Exhaust and

Reutilizing in Car Air Conditioning

SEMINAR
V Mahesh Krishna
1/2 M. Tech, Htes
319207036012
 Abstract

Now a day, Depleting fossil fuels and shortage of energy is major problem worldwide.
This leads our attention towards waste heat recovery systems. Internal combustion
engine is one of the major sources of waste heat. In an IC engine only 30 to 39% of
the total energy of burnt fuel is converted into useful work and almost 55 to 60% of the
energy is wasted.This waste heat can be used to run an air conditioning system of
automobile using vapour absorption system.
 Literature Review
A. Auadha and Y. EI-Gotni have studied the feasibility of using waste heat from marine diesel
engines to drive an ammonia-water absorption refrigeration system. The analysis shows the
effect of generator, evaporator and absorber temperature on the performance parameters like
COP and circulation ratio. A computer program has been prepared in order to calculate the
performance of the system
A Pathania and D. Mahto have investigated an air conditioning system using engine waste
heat in a research paper and a comparative study of VAR and VCR systems has been done.
Sohail Bux and A.C. Tiwari presented review of previous and recent developments.
Experiment was performed on 4 stroke, 4 cylinder Kirlosker engine and Li-Br water VAR
system is being specified. The results are shown for engine performance and its feasibility for
using VAR system
Introduction

Refrigeration is the process in which work is done to transfer heat from one location to
another by removing heat energy from a space, or from a substance, and moving it to a place
where it is not objected.


The primary purpose of refrigeration is to reduce the temperature of the enclosed controlled
space to a desired level and then maintain the lower temperature of the space as compared to
the surroundings.

Mainly we are having two types of refrigeration systems

VCRS (Vapour compression refrigeration systems)

VARS (Vapour absorption refrigeration systems)

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 COMPARISON OF VCRS AND VARS
VCRS VARS
 Work operated. Heat operated.
 Many moving parts. 
 Regular maint-enance required.  Very few moving parts
 Higher noise and vibration.  Less maintenance required
 Economical when electricity is available.  Less noise and vibration
 Economical when low cost fuels are available.

 Problem Identification

The refrigerants in vapor compression systems are mainly hydrocarbons like HCFCs and
HFCs, which are not environmental friendly.

Also the system required more load for the power from the engine shaft to operate the
condenser. This results in the excessive work and energy. Some of the major problems that
has been identified in Present car air conditioning system(VCRS) from various literature
review are as follows.

1. Due to increase cost of vehicle fuel there is a great influence on running cost of vehicle.
2. The life of the engine decreases due to the use of conventional air conditioning system in
cars.
3. Environmental pollution caused by exhaust gas and heat of exhausted gases.

This Problem has been viewed and the car air conditioning is proposed using exhaust heat gas.

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Potential Of Heat Recovery From The Engine
It is a well known factor that an IC engine has an efficiency of about 35%-40%, and about
60-65% of the energy in the form of heat is lost to environment. In which about 28%-30% is
lost by coolant and lubrication losses, around 30%-32% is lost thorough exhaust gases from
the exhaust pipes and remainder of the energy is lost by radiation[1]

Exhaust gases immediately leaving the engine

can have temperatures as high as [450-
600°C].Thus the high content of heat from the
exhaust can easily be redirected and reused to
provide useful work[2]

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 Analytical Theory and Governing Equations
Available waste heat from Engine exhaust

Heat lost from the engine
exhaust gas is calculated Taking engine of Toyota Innova,
by taking following Engine specifications
assumptions.
Capacity 2393cc

Volumetric Efficiency
Max output 110KW@3400R

Calorific value of fuel PM
Max torque 343Nm@1400-

Density air fuel 2800RPM

Specific heat of exhaust RPM 1400-2800
gas RPM


Air Fuel Ratio

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 Analytical Theory and Governing Equations

This table shows that at different

rpm sufficient heat is available at
engine exhaust to drive car air
conditioning.

Table I: calculated exhaust gas temperature, mass flow rate, exhaust

heat at different rpm
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 Analytical Theory and Governing Equations
Mathematical Analysis of Air Conditioning

The assumption is based on the cars

capacity and cooling load required to cool
the space.

• Condenser Temperature
• Evaporator Temperature
• Refrigeration Capacity
• Absorber Temperature

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 Analytical Theory and Governing Equations
for Vapour Absorption System the COP is calculated
COP= Refrigeration effect/(Heat given to generator + pump
work)


Table II : Calculated values of
exhaust heat and cop at different rpm

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Results and Discussions

The COP is generally controlled by two components i.e. evaporator and generator, when these values
changes the value of COP changes.

From the results obtained it is seen that Air conditioning in cars by Vapour Absorption System may be
feasible with reduction in fuel cost and with less effect in climatic conditions.

The heat generated found from the exhaust

temperature sows the heat from the generator
directly proportional with the exhaust gas
temperature meaning lower COP is obtained at
higher exhaust gas temperature

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Results and Discussions
variation of exhaust gas temperature with the engine RPM
The temperature increases with the engine speed, it
means that the higher the engine speed higher will be
the exhaust temperature obtained and the temperature
is sufficient for driving A/C.
variation of exhaust heat with the engine RPM
It shows the exhaust gas is proportional to the
engine speed, the heat available in the exhaust gas can
able to vaporize the refrigerant solution to run the
cycle.
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 Conclusion
It may be concluded from the previous tables and graphs that it may be possible to design
the system which can able to run A/C from the exhaust gas by Vapour Absorption System
which only requirement is exhaust heat. And from various factor that affect the climate and
environment condition the system is good for ecology as the refrigerant which cause
depletion of ozone can be replaced by the refrigerant which is eco-friendly. The waste heat
can be utilized and converted into useful work. The COP is in between 1.0456 to 0.2236
from this it can be said that the vapour absorption system can be enough to cool the
require space.
Scope Of Future Work

Scope of further work may be done if it can be analyzed and design can be used
in future by implementing in cars. It would be great impact on cars running
condition and system load and may be influence in car fuel prices.
References
[1].P. Sathiamurthi, “Design and Development of Waste Heat Recovery System for air Conditioning,” Unit
European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol.54 No.1 (2011), pp.102-110, 2011.
[2].S. Karellasa, A.-D. Leontaritisa, G. Panousisa , E. Bellos A, E. Kakaras, “Energetic And Exergetic Analysis
Of Waste Heat Recovery Systems In The Cement Industry,” Proceedings of ECOS 2012 – The 25th
International Conference On Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation And Environmental Impact Of
Energy Systems June 26-29, 2012, Perugia, Italy
[3].M. A. Fayazbakhsh and B. Majid, ―Comprehensive modeling of vehicles air condition loads using heat
balance method,‖ SAE International, 2013.
[4].S. Alam, ―A proposed model for utilizing exhaust heat to run automobile air-conditioner,‖ The 2nd Joint
International Conference on “Sustainable Energy and Environment (SEE 2006)”E-011, pp. 21-23, Nov 2006.
[5].A. Ramanahan and P. Gunasekaran, ―Simulation of absorption refrigeration system for automobile
applications,‖ Thermal Science, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 5-13, 2008.
[6].Pathania, Dalgobind Mahto, ―Recovery of engine waste heat for reutilization in air conditioning system in
an automobile,‖ Global Journals Inc. (USA), vol. 12, issue 1, version 1.0, 2012.

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THANK YOU