Thermal Engineering

Diesel Engine

Siddharth Vyas
18ME097
Working Of Diesel Engine

1. Suction Stroke
• During suction stroke, the piston moves down from the top dead
center position.
• Air is sucked into the cylinder through the open inlet valve
which closes at the end o f the stroke.
• The exhaust valve remains closed during this stroke.

2. Compression Stroke
• The piston moves upwards from the bottom dead Centre
position.
• Inlet and exhaust valves remain closed. The air is
compressed in the cylinder with the upward movement of
the piston.
• As the compression ratio in this engine is high (10 to 20), the
air is finally compressed to a pressure as high as 40 Kg/cm2
at which its temperature is as high as 100°C, enough to
ignite the fuel.
3. Working Stroke or Power Stroke
• At the end of the compression stroke, the fuel (diesel) is injected into the
hot compressed air where it starts burning maintaining the pressure
constant.
• At point 4, the fuel supply is cut-off. Theoretically, the fuel is injected at
the end of the compression stroke and injection continued till the point of
cut-off.
• In practice, the ignition starts before the end of the compression stroke.

4. Exhaust Stroke
• The piston moves upward. The inlet valve remains closed and the exhaust opens.
• The maximum burnt gases escape because of their own expansion.
• The upward movement of the piston pushes the remaining gases out through the open
exhaust valve. The cycle is thus completed.
P-V Diagram of Diesel Engine
T-S Diagram Of Diesel Engine
Process 1-2 (Constant Pressure Heating)
• The air is heated at constant pressure from initial temperature T1 to
a temperature T2 represented by the graph 1-2 in Fig.
• The heat is cut off at point 2, so its called cutoff point

Process 2-3 (Adiabatic Expansion)

• The air is expanded adiabatically from temperature T2 to a
temperature T3 as shown by the graph 2-3 in Fig. In this
process, on heat, we absorbed or rejected by the air.
Process 3-4 (Constant Volume Cooling)
• The air is now cooled at constant volume from temperature T4 to a
temperature T4 as shown by the graph 3-4 in the figure.

Process 4-1 (Adiabatic Compression)

• The air is compressed adiabatically from temperature T4 to a temperature
T1 represented by the graph 4-1 in Fig. In this process, no heat is absorbed
or rejected by the air
• We see that the air has been brought back to its original conditions of
pressure, volume and temperature, thus completing the cycle.

We know that,
Work done = Heat supplied – Heat rejected
∴ Air standard efficiency

Now let compression ratio,

Cut-off ratio,

Expansion ratio,
We know for constant pressure heating process (1-2),

Similarly, in adiabatic compression process (2-3)

And in adiabatic compression process (4-1),

Substituting the value of T1 in equations (iv) and (v)

And

Now substituting the values of T1, T2 and T3 in equation (iii),

• NOTE: Efficiency of diesel cycle is lower than the Otto

cycle for the same compression ratio.
Thank You