Business Foundation

SAMI Academy of Excellence

Urinary
System
Kidney
Renal pelvs

Ureter

Urinary bladder

Urethra
 3 Functions of the Urinary System

1. Excretion:
• removal of organic wastes from body fluids

2. Elimination:
• discharge of waste products

3. Homeostatic regulation:
• of blood plasma volume and solute concentration
eys • Organs that excrete urine

Urinary Tract
• Organs that eliminate urine:
– ureters (paired tubes)
– urinary bladder (muscular sac)
– urethra (exit tube)
Kidney Location

•Lateral to vertebral column

•The right kidney is slightly

inferior to the left kidney in
order to accommodate the
liver

•12 x 6 x 3 cm
• Bean shaped

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Internal Anatomy

Cortex: outer layer, light reddish brown,

granular appearance (due to many
corpuscles)
Medulla: darker striped appearance
Subdivided into distinct renal
pyramids, terminating with a papilla.
Separated by renal columns from the
cortex
Pelvis: Expanded proximal ureter

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 Nephron = functional unit
(>106/kidney)
• Nephron =
– Renal Corpuscle
• Glomerulus
• Bowman’s (Renal) Capsule
– PCT (proximal convoluted
tubule)
– LOH (loop of Henle)
– DCT (distal convoluted
tubule)

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Organic Waste Products

• Are dissolved in bloodstream

• Are eliminated only while dissolved in urine
• Removal is accompanied by water loss
• Concentrated urine:
• 1200–1400 milliosmols/L (4 times plasma concentration)
Urine Transport, Storage, and Elimination

• Takes place in the urinary tract:

• ureters
• urinary bladder
• urethra
 The Ureters
• Are a pair of muscular tubes
• Extend from kidneys to urinary bladder
• Begin at renal pelvis
 The Urinary Bladder
• Is a hollow, muscular organ
• Functions as temporary reservoir urine storage
• Full bladder can contain 1 liter of urine
 The Urethra
• Extends from neck of urinary bladder
• To the exterior of the body

The Male Urethra

• Extends from neck of urinary bladder
• To tip of penis (18–20 cm)
The Female Urethra

• Is very short (3–5 cm)

• Extends from bladder to vestibule
Thank You