INSTITUTE: UIE (AIT-CSE)

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

CST-229
Lecture – 1.4

TOPIC:QUARTILES
Instructor:Dr.ARCHANA SHARMA
DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
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 Course
Objectives

CO Title Level
Number
CO1 To recall the basic concepts of Probability Remember
and Statistics
CO2 To understand the ideas and classify the Understand
different distribution , based on different
event
CO3 To acquire knowledge on various techniques Analysis
of Probability and Statistics to analyze the  
behavior of a distribution based on data
available.
CO4 To acquire knowledge on the broad Understand
perspective of probability theory.  
CO5 To acquire knowledge on various discrete and Apply
continuous distributions along with their
properties.
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 Course Outcomes

After doing this course student will be able to:

Formulate a statistical problem in mathematical terms from

a real-life situation.

Select an appropriate distribution for analyzing data specific to an

experiment.

Apply statistical hypothesis in general and in practice.

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 Topics to be covered:
• Definition of Quartiles
• Application of Quartiles
• Quartiles (Raw)
• Quartiles( Discrete & continuous)
• Merits & Demerits

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 QUARTILES
Quartiles divide the entire set into four equal parts. So,
there are three quartiles, first, second and third
represented by Q1, Q2 and Q3, respectively. Q2 is nothing
but the median, since it indicates the position of the item
in the list and thus, is a positional average. To find
quartiles of a group of data, we have to arrange the data
in ascending order.

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 Application of Quartiles
Box and whisker plot
To check for outliers
you need to do two calculations:
Lower boundary is Q1 – 1.5 * IQR
Upper boundary is Q3 + 1.5 * IQR

Any value that is lower than the lower boundary or higher than the upper boundary is an
outlier.

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 Quartiles ( Raw data)
Question 1: Find the quartiles of the following data: 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 23, 34.
Solution: Here the numbers are arranged in the ascending order and number
of items, n = 7
Lower quartile, Q1 = [(n+1)/4] th item
Q1= 7+1/4 = 2nd item = 6
Median, Q2 = [(n+1)/2]th item
Q2= 7+1/2 item = 4th item = 8
Upper Quartile, Q3 = [3(n+1)/4]th item
Q3 = 3(7+1)/4 item = 6th item = 23

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How to Calculate Quartiles in
discrete Series?

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How to Calculate Quartiles in continuous
Series?

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Where, N= total frequency
ℓ= lower boundary of the first quartile class
f= frequency of the first quartile class
‹C= the cumulative frequency corresponding to
the class just before the first quartile class
h= the length of the first quartile class

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Merits
1.They are easy to determine especially in case of the
individual and discrete series.
2.They do not need all the data relating to a series like
the mathematical averages viz. AM… G.M. and H.M.
3.They can be directly determined in case of an open
end series without locating the lower limit of the lowest
class, and the upper limit of the highest class.
4.They are useful in the computation of the measures of
dispersion and skewness.
5.They give an idea about the character of a frequency
distribution i.e. whether a series is symmetric, or
asymmetric can be known by measuring their distance
from the Median.
6.They are not affected very much by the extreme 15
Demerits
1.These averages are not easily understood by a common man.
2.The determination of their values in case of continuous series
becomes cumbersome as it involves application of the formula
of interpolation.
3.They are not based on all the observations of a series.
4.They need the rearrangement of series in the ascending order
if given otherwise.
5.They do not study the entire data. For example, Q1, studies
only, first 25%, Q2 only first 50%, and Q3 only first 75% of the
data.
6.They are not capable of further algebraic treatment except in
the computation of quartile deviation and coefficient of
skewness.
7.They are affected very much by fluctuatin of sampling.
8.They are influenced much by the number of items rather than 16
 FAQ

• Is Quartile a measure of central tendency?

• What are the important properties of Quartiles?
• What are the applications of Quartiles?
• In which situation which should use Quartile?

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 Practice problem
Find the Quartile 1 of these numbers: 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 7,
(I) 4
(II) 6
(III) 3
(IV)5

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 References
• Book:
•  SP GUPTA and VK KAPOOR ( SULTAN CHAND PUBLICATION)
• Miller and Freund, Probability and Statistics for Engineers, Pearson, 2005

• Websites: NPTEL, KHAN ACADEMY, STATQUEST

• Videos:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=idXEk3MjC9M ( krish naik)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h8wz1PydmiU ( Brandon Foltz)

• Courses: https://www.coursera.org/learn/probability-statistics?
• Introduction to Probability and Statistics (UDEMY)
• https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/mathematics/18-05-introduction-to-probability-an
d-statistics-spring-2014/ 19
Topics covered

• Definition of Quartiles
• Application of Quartiles
• Quartiles (Raw)
• Quartiles( Discrete & continuous)
• Merits & Demerits

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THANK YOU

For queries contact: archana.e10375@cumail.in

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