Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Water
Water
water system
1- Pretreatment section
2- Desalination section
3- Storage and Distribution section
Pretreatment section & System Design.
1) Drawing of P&ID
2) Purified water Chemical and microbial Limits.
3) Design of Purified water system.
1) Pretreatment section
A. Feed water quality
B. Chlorination system
C. Ultra filtration unit
D. Automatic Softeners duplex
E. Carbon filter
F. Depth filter selection
1- What is P&ID means?
Cl2
inj.
FIT
UV lamp
Pump
8m3
1m3 5 µm filter
Pretreatment section & System Design.
1) Drawing of P&ID
2) Purified water Chemical and microbial Limits.
3) Design of Purified water system.
1) Pretreatment section
A. Feed water quality
B. Chlorination system
C. Ultra filtration unit
D. Automatic Softeners duplex
E. Carbon filter
F. Depth filter selection
Pretreatment section of
Purified Water System
A- Feed water quality
Before selection the pretreatment unit You must know
the following :
A- Total Dissolved solid (TDS)
B- Total suspended solid (TSS)
C-Total Hardness
D- Slight Density index (SDI)
E- Microbial count
F- Free Chlorine
G-Total Organic carbon (TOC)
B- Chlorination system :
Dose of sodium hypochlorite to reduce bacterial load
B- Chlorination system :
How does sodium hypochlorite disinfection work?
MODULE FEATURES
The Ultrafiltration modules are made from high strength, hollow fiber membranes .
0.03 μm nominal pore diameter for removal of bacteria, viruses, and particulates
including colloids.
PVDF polymeric hollow fibers for high strength and chemical resistance.
Hydrophilic PVDF fibers for easy cleaning and wettability that help maintain long
term performance.
C- Automatic Softeners duplex
Water softeners are specific ion exchangers that are designed to remove calcium
(Ca++) and magnesium (Mg++), positively charged, with other ions, for instance
sodium; sodium cannot form scale because it is much more soluble
To soften water, is necessary to pass the hard water through a column filled with
the cation exchange resin (polystyrene) in sodium form.
The hardness ions Ca++ and Mg++ move into the resin beads and each of these
divalent cations is replaced by two sodium ions getting out of the resin.
The exchange reaction can be written as:
The regeneration process can be repeated indefinitely without damaging the resin.
The regeneration cycle of a softener consists of four steps: backwash,
regeneration (brining),displacement (slow rinse), and fast rinse.
D- CARBON FILTER
Activated carbon filters remove chlorine injected to prevent
oxidation of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes
3- The limit of free chlorine after carbon filter is NMT 0.1 ppm
D- CARBON FILTER
The advantages of carbon filters are
(1) Its ability to remove organics from feed water that could foul the RO.
(2) That they are more reliable in treating all the feed water than a chemical feed
system , safe to control what that means? .
The disadvantage to using carbon filter (adsorber)s is that:
(3)Carbon filters have been known to see a doubling of viable bacteria counts in 24
hours (high nutrient carbon capacity ) .
(4)Infection can be occur as frequent as 5 to 15 days.
(5)So, They are high probability bacteria growth which can result in biological
fouling of the RO.
cartridge filter
pretreatment plant.
Thanks