Example

PROBLEM 1
• Vapor pressure of benzene and toluene
at various temperature shown in the
following table :

T, oC PA PB
80.02 760 300
84 852 333
88 957 379.5
92 1078 432
96 1204 492.5
100 1344 559
104 1495 625
108 1659 740
110.4 1748 760

• Using the table

a) Plot the diagram X-Y dan T-X,Y
b) Evaluate the distribution of vapor and
liquid phase compositions in equilibrium
condition.
 Use Equations :
x A
yA  ……. (1)
1  (  1) x A

PA
 ……. (2)
PB

PA
yA  xA ……. (3)
Pt

Eq. (2) & (3) enter to (1) 

Pt  PB
xA  ……. (4)
PA  PB

The value of xA and yA from Eq. (4) and

(3) at each temperatur are tabulated
 EQUILIBRIUM CURVE X - Y
Pt = 60
Xa=
(Pt-PB)/(PA- YA=
T, oC PA PB PB) PA/Pt(XA)
80,02 760 300 1 1
84 852 333 0,822736 0,92233
88 957 379,5 0,658874 0,829662
92 1078 432 0,50774 0,720189
96 1204 492,5 0,375966 0,59561
100 1344 559 0,256051 0,452806
104 1495 625 0,155172 0,30524
108 1659 740 0,021763 0,047506
110,4 1748 760 0 0

0,8

0,6
YA

0,4

0,2

0
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1
XA
 120 T vs y Boiling point of
Boiling point of pure benzene
pure toluene
100

80 T vs x
DIAGRAM
T – X, 60

T
Y
40
Xa Ya T, oC
1 1 80.02 20
0.823 0.922 84
0.659 0.83 88 0

0.501 0.72 92
0.376 0.596 96
1
0.256 0.453 100
0.155 0.305 104 0.8
0.022 0.047 108
0 0 110.4 0.6
YA

0.4

0.2

0.155 0.376 0.659 0.823

0
0.256 0.501
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
XA
Problem 2
40 lb water at temperature 60 oF and pressure 1 atm
was mixed with 60 lb saturated vapor of ethanol at
same pressure. At constant pressure the mixture is
heated until reach boiling temperature of 185 oF.
Evaluate :
a. Weight and composition of each phases which is in
equilibrium condition.
b. Amount of calor must be added

Q  100( H M 2  H M 1 )
Final heat Initial heat

Q  100( H M 2  H M 1 )  100(520  305)

Q  21.500 Btu
Ve
 2,91
Le
M 2  M 1  Lo  Vo  Ve  Le  40  60  100

Ve  74,42lb y  0,71
Le  25,58lb x  0,28
 Vo Lo M 60 Ve Le M 2 0.60  0.28
     2.91
Lo Vo M 40 Le Ve M 2 0.71  0.60

Q  100( H M 2  H M 1 )

Y = 0.71

Ve

520
HM2 M2
Vo

305
M1
HM1

Le
Lo

x = 0.28
 Problem 3
• 10 lbmole mixture containing 50% mole ethanol
in water at temperature 60 oF and pressure 1 atm
was heated until half of the mixture vaporized. If
the vapor and residual liquid are in equilibrium,
Evaluate :
a. Composition of vapor and liquid
b. Final temperature of the mixture
c. Amount of heat must be added.

Note :
• If the diagram ethanol-water available in mole fraction, that not
necessary change to mole percent (% mole).
• If the diagram ethanol-water available in mass fraction, so % mole
must be changed to mass percent (% mass)

10 lbmole
Ethanol = 50% mole = 0,5x10 mole = 5 mole = 5 x 46 lb = 230 lb
H2O = 50% mole = 0,5x10 mole = 5 mole = 5 x 18 lb = 90 lb
------------- +
320 lb
Mass percent : Ethanol = 230/320 x 100% = 71,87 %
H2O = 90/320 X 100% = 28,12 %
 V1
Dew point
Q = 10(HM – H0) Btu (saturated vapor)
178 oC a

HM = 12000 V1/L1 = b/a = 50/50

M b=a

b
Bubble point
L1 (saturated liquid)

Ho = 20

Y = 0,59

X = 0,36 XF = 0.50
 Q  M (H M  H 0 )
 320(385  10)  120.000 Btu

Ve/Le = b/a = 50/50

b=a

Ve

178 oC
a
HM
380 M

Le
Lo
10
Ho x = 0.7187

x = 0.62 x = 0.80