Drum & Attemperation

Interlocks
Three Element Control
A three-element
control system is
used to provide for
tight control of this
critical process on
boilers, which are
often subject to
large load changes
Three Element – Drum Level

Feed
Steam Drum level
Water
Flow control
Flow
Why
Three- • The advantages of three element control
is that it senses changes in steam flow to
the turbine and make immediate

Element adjustment to feed water flow before

changes are visible in drum level.

control
SINGLE ELEMENT CONTROL

ONLY DURING STARTUP AND

SHUTDOWN, & THAT TOO
WHEN LOAD IS LESS THAN
It is Feed back control
30%, AS BELOW THIS STEAM
mechanism
FLOW IS IMPROPER. SO LEVEL
CONTROL OF DRUM IS BASED
ON DRUM LEVEL ONLY.
Method of temperature Control
• Attemperation
• Burner Tilt
• GD Dampers
• Biasing in Mills
• Mill combination
• Excess Air
• Gas bypass
SH Temp Control

Normally Single Stage but in some cases two stage control

Primary Temp. control is Attemperation

Second method Control is Fuel.

In supercritical units Degree of superheat also plays a major role.

At MFT close command is given to all SH attemperation block valves.

Fail safe condition is Valve close

SH Attemperation Spray

Second input is the

Mainly Controls`
Temperature Third input is Degree
Outlet temperature of
Difference across of Superheat.
Super heater outlet.
Attemperator

The margin of The function of load

The set point is set as
saturation is also a change changes the
per Load with the
function in set point of
margin of bias.
attemperation valves. attemperator
Fail Safe Condition in Attemperation

Min. Steam flow should be 20% - 30% & GENERATOR ON BAR.

MFT condition should be released before block valve opens.

Steam Block Condition

RH Temperature Control

GD Dampers – Primary

Burner Tilt – Secondary

Attemperation – Final
Fail Safe Condition
• During MFT
• If steam flow is less than 40TPH, and generator is not synchronized.
• After attemperation temperature and saturation temperature
difference less than 5 deg. Cels.
 • MFT initiates if steam flow through
reheater stops, in order to prevent
reheater from damage.
• Following condition in which Reheater
Protection exists
• All MSV or GV closed & both HP

Reheater
bypass closed.
Or
• All IP SV or CVs closed & LP bypass

Protection
closed
Arming Condition
Fuel Flow greater than 30% load for 10
seconds
Fuel flow greater than 20% load for 20
seconds
Method of
attemperation