INORGANIC & ORGANIC

CHEMISTRY
SUBMITTED BY: MUHAMMAD FAIZAN
REG NO. 2020-CH-271
CHROMIUM

Chromium is a chemical element with the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the

first element in group 6. It is a steely-grey, lustrous, hard, and brittle transition metal.
OCCURANCE:
Chromium is the 21st most abundant element in the Earth's crust. Although it exists in
several oxidation states, the zero, trivalent, and hexavalent states are the most
important in commercial products and the environment. Nearly all naturally occurring
chromium is in the trivalent state, usually in combination with iron or other metal
oxides.
ELEMENTAL PROPERTIES OF CHROMIUM:

Symbol Cr Group 6

Atomic Number 24 Period 4

Atomic Mass 51.996 Block d

Electron configuration [Ar]3d5 4s1 Melting point 1907 °C

Density (g cm−3) 7.19 g.cm-3 at 20°C Boiling point 2672 °C

EXTRACTION OF CHROMIUM METAL:
Chromium metal is extracted from chromite ore by following process:
4(FeO. Cr2O3) + 8Na2CO3 + 7O2 (from air)
Chromite ore                         ↓ 900-1000°C
                                           8Na2CrO4 + 2Fe2O3 + 8CO2
                                           Soluble      Insoluble
Conversion of Na2CrO4 into Na2Cr2O7:

2Na2CrO4 + H2SO4 → Na2Cr2O7 + Na2SO4 + H2O

 CONTINUE…

Conversion of Na2Cr2O7 into Cr2O3:

Na2Cr2O7 + 3C → Na2Cr2O4 + 3CO↑

  Na2Cr2O4 + H2O → Cr2O3↓ + 2 NaOH
Chromium metal is extracted from chromium oxide by Aluminothermic process :

Cr2O3 + 2Al → 2Cr + Al2O3 + 468.6 kJ

 
APPLICATIONS OF CHROMIUM:
Chromium salt is one of the main varieties of inorganic salts. It is mainly used
in:
• Electroplating
• Tanning
• Printing
• Dyeing
• Catalysts
• Oxidants
• Metal corrasion inhibitors
IS CHROMIUM TOXIC TO HUMAN?

The health risks associated with chromium exposure are based on its state of
oxidation. The form of the metal (chromium as it appears in this product) has a low
toxicity level. The hexavalent form is poisonous. Ulcerations, dermatitis, and allergic
skin reactions can involve adverse effects of the hexavalent form on the skin.