DYEING

MACHINES
By:
Ambika Udaikumar
Ankita Singh
Dhara Parmar
Monali Wani

Sonal Marwah
 Introduction
• Dyeing is the process of imparting colours to a textile
material in loose fibre, yarn, cloth or garment form
by treatment with a dye.
• Dyeing can be done during any stage.
• Textiles may be dyed as fibers, yarns, fabrics or as
garments.
• It occurs in the most efficient stage which will meet
the requirements of the intended end users.
• According to the dyeing process used there are
various dyeing machines used.
 Soft Flow Dyeing Machine
• Laid out for dyeing cotton, polyester and
its blends.
• Low liquor ratio starting with 1:5 for
polyester and 1:7 for cotton.
• Main pressure vessel and all parts which
are in contact with liquor are made of
stainless steel which are highly corrosion
resistant.
• Heavy duty cast stainless steel circulation
pump with mechanical seal.
• Lifter reel driven by frequency inverter
controlled motor.
• High efficiency heat exchanger to ensure
quick heating/ cooling.
• Magnetic Level Indicator.
 Spray Dyeing Machines
• Defined as an improved version of roller
dyeing machines or hybrid type of machines
with combination of features of roller dyeing
and cabinet dyeing.
• Made of rectangular shaped box type
enclosed main body, in which the spray arms
are located, there is collection tank with
heating coils at the bottom.
• These machines have removable loading arms,
same as in roller dyeing machines ,but having
perforations for spraying the dye liquor from
inside the rollers.
• These arms have an arrangement also fitted
with suitable spray pipes for spraying the dye
liquor from outside as well inside of the hanks.
• The machines are specially built for processing
of delicate yarns such as wool , wool blends,
silk and viscose yarns.
 Hank dyeing machine
• These machines are designed to
have liquor flow parallel to the yarn
• They work with low liquor ratios to
save substantially in consumption of
thermal energy ,water and
chemicals.
• The liquor circulation and flow
remains the same as in ordinary
cabinet machine.
• The dye liquor in these machines
moves while the material remains
stationary.
• The flow direction is reversed
frequently to ensure level dyeing.
 HTHP dyeing machines
• In this process the system is converted into a
totally enclosed HTHP system. Pressure is
generated by means of a power circulation
pump and arranging closed steam coils. This
raises the temperature of the dye bath.
Increase of steam pressure creates a high
temperature.
• In the case of synthetic and blended yarns, the
temperature is raised up to 135° C. In extreme
cases, there are provisions to have
temperatures up to 140°C.
• It was only after the advent of the synthetic fibres that dyeing
recipes recommending high temperatures became quiet common
and hence the machines brought out later were suitable universally,
for normal as well as high temperatures.
• Used in treating bobbins, loose fibre, yarn, cotton, polyester, wool,
acrylic, nylon, viscose and more.
• The machines are designed for low liquor dyeing process at a liquor
ratio of 1:3.5 to 1:6.
 Space Dyeing Machine
• In this type of machine up to 8 colors, can
be dyed, each color having a different feed
tank as well as injector pump .
• The color is injected at a fixed place at high
pressure and collected through vacuum.
• This type of machine is used to create
beautiful patterns of dyed patches on
packages , with good sharpness.
• Space dyeing in hank form is a simpler
process to produce tie die effects in the
knitting yarns and embroidery threads.
• The yarn printing process or The warp
system
• The knit-de-knit process.
• The continuous dye process.
 Beam dyeing machine
• A machine for dyeing yarns or fabrics  that
have been wound onto a special beam that
has evenly perforated holes along its barrel.
• The dye is forced through the barrel into the
yarn/fabric from inside to outside and vice
versa
• The fabric or yarn have better dyeing results
because there is no dimensional changes as
well as there is no mechanical force applied
to it.
• The high performance pumps circulate the
dye liquor in efficient manner to achieve even
dyeing results.
 Jigger dyeing machines
• Two main rollers running on smooth rollers and can be
reversed.
• The fabric moves from one of the main rollers, and
passes through the dye trough. It’s a series of
intermittent padding operation.
• The fabric from the main roller passes through the
dyebath and taken up by another roller on the other
side.
• When all the fabric has passed, the direction is
reversed.
• The temperature is maintained by a perforated pipe at
the bottom of the trough, across the width of the jig
that injects live steam.
• Wovens such as Taffeta, Plain wovens, Satins, Poplins,
Ducks, Suiting and Shirting material etc. are
conveniently dyed on jigger machines.
 Jet Dyeing Machines
• A machine used for dyeing of fabric in rope form.
• Jet dyeing is a process that can be used for batch
dyeing.
• Here dyeing is done in a closed tubular system,
basically composed of an impeller pump and a
shallow dye bath.
• The fabric to be dyed is loosely collapsed in a
form of a rope, and tied into a loop. The impeller
pump supplies a jet of dye solution, propelled by
water and/or air, which transports the fabric
within the dyeing system, surrounded by dye
liquor, under optimum conditions.
• Can be operated even at high temperatures and
pressures.
• Operate at lower liquor ratio.
 Paddle Dyeing Machines
• A process of dyeing textiles in a machine that
gently moves the goods using paddles similar to a
paddle wheel on a boat.
• Slow process, but very little abrasion on the goods.
• Horizontal paddle dyeing machine consist of a
curved beck like lower suction to
contain the materials and the dye liquor.
• The goods are moved by a rotating paddle, which
extends across the width of the machine.
• The temperature can be raised up to 98oC in such
system.
• Lateral / oval paddle machines consist of oval tank
to enhance the fluid flow and the processing the of
the goods.
• HT paddle dyeing machines work similar to the
horizontal machines only the temperature can be
raised to 140 degree Celsius.
 Rotary Drum Dyeing Machines
• Works on the principle of movement of
textile material and a stationary liquor.
• Consists of a rotating perforated
cylindrical drum , which rotates inside a
vessel.
• High temperature drum machines are
capable of processing the garments up to
140 degree Celcius.
• Also called “multipurpose drum
machines” or “multi-rapid dyeing
centrifuging machines”
• Can operate at very low liquor ratios.
• Suitable for knits as well as other
garments.
• Drums can be rotated in both the
directions.
 References
• http://dyeingworld.blogspot.com/2009/11/sp
ace-dyeing-techniques.html
• http://dyeingworld1.blogspot.com/2010/01/w
inch-dyeing-machines.html
• http://www.indiamart.com/rnengineering/dy
eing-machines.html