PRESENTED BY

VINIT SHARMA
ROLL NO. 0715020057
EE- 8 TH SEM
Contents….
Introduction
Theory Of Operation
Working Principle
Constructional Details
Classification of eddy current brakes
Advantages & Disadvantages
Applications
Conclusion
 WHAT IS BRAKING ?
A brake is a device used for slowing or stopping the
motion of a machine or vehicle, and to keep it from
starting to move again.
The kinetic energy lost by the moving part is usually
translated to heat by friction. Kinetic energy increases
with the square of the velocity (E = ½m·v2 relationship).
This means that if the speed of a vehicle doubles, it has
four times as much energy. The brakes must therefore
dissipate four times as much energy to stop it and
consequently the braking distance is four times as long.
TYPES OF ELECTRIC BRAKING

• Regenerative Braking

• Electromagnetic/Eddy current

• Braking Rheostatic/Dynamic Braking

EDDY CURRENT:
It is a swirling current set up in a conductor in
response to a changing magnetic field.

By Lenz's law, the current swirls in such a way as to

create a magnetic field opposing the change
 
Eddy Current Brakes
It slow an object by creating eddy currents through
emi which create resistance, and in turn either heat or
electricity.
Braking action is made by varying the strength of the
magnetic field.
• A braking force is possible when electric current
is passed through the electromagnets.
Eddy current brakes develop torque by the direct
magnetic linking of the rotor to the stator.

This linking generates eddy currents in the driven rotor

or the disc

 Eddy current brakes must have a slip between the rotor

and the stator to generate torque.

An eddy current brake having an electromagnetic pole

and the rotor is positioned in close proximity to the
stator with an air gap between them
Electromagnets produce magnetic field from supplied
current

Change of magnetic flux (with time) induces eddy

currents in conductor (disc)

Eddy Currents produce another magnetic field

opposing first field

Opposing magnetic fields create force that reduces

velocity
 The stator comprises steel pole pieces with hollow cores that
establish magnetic flux field.

 The pole pieces have machine-wound electrical windings.

 The windings are fastened with pole caps.

The hollow core reduces the weight and material of the stator
without significantly adversely affecting the braking capacity.

The pole caps reduce the magnetic saturation and increases the
overall brake torque output.

Stator poles and disc should have minimum air gap between
them
 
 Linear eddy current brakes
 
It consists of a magnetic yoke with electrical coils which are
being magnetized alternately.
This magnet does not touch the rail (held at approx 7 mm.) 
When the magnet is moved along the rail, it generates a non-
stationary magnetic field which generates electrical tension and
causes eddy currents.
These disturb the magnetic field in such a way that the
magnetic force is diverted to the opposite of the direction of the
movement. 
The braking energy of the vehicle is converted in eddy current
losses which lead to a warming of the rail.
Eddy current brakes at the roller
coaster
Circular eddy current brakes
When electromagnets are used, control of the braking action
is made possible by varying the strength of the magnetic field.
 A braking force is possible when electric current is passed
through the electromagnets. The movement of the metal
through the magnetic field of the electromagnets creates
eddy currents in the discs.
These eddy currents generate an opposing magnetic field,
which then resists the rotation of the discs, providing braking
force.
The net result is to convert the motion of the rotors into heat
in the rotors.
Circular eddy current brakes
 Advantages. . .
 It uses electromagnetic force and not mechanical friction

 Non-mechanical (no moving parts, no friction)

 Fully resettable

 Can be activated at will via electrical signal

 Low maintenance

 Operates at any rotational speed

 Light weight
Disadvantages. . .
Braking force diminishes as speed diminishes with no
ability to hold the load in position at standstill.

That could be considered to be a safety issue, but it

really means that friction braking may need to be
used as well.

Eddy-current brakes can only be used where the

infrastructure has been modified to accept them.
APPLICATIONS
It is used as a stopping mechanism in trains.

It is also used in the smooth breaking and

functioning of roller coasters and such fast moving
machines.
CONCLUSION
• The ordinary brakes which are being used now days, stop
the vehicle by means of mechanical blocking. This causes
skidding and wear and tear of the vehicle. If the speed of
the vehicle is very high, it cannot provide that much high
braking force and it will cause problems.
• These drawbacks of ordinary brakes can be overcome by a
simple and effective mechanism of braking system 'The
eddy current brake'.
• It is an abrasion-free method for braking of vehicles
including trains. It makes use of the opposing tendency of
eddy current
THANK YOU