ELECTRIC VEHICLE USING THREE

PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

Guided BY Presented by
Ms. Smitha Krishnan
Asst Prof Amith Krishnan
EEE Department Aravind K.
Aravind R. Chandran
Co – guided by Jithin Paul
Mr. Sreejith K.T. Sherin P.S.
Asst Prof Vishakh K.H.
EEE Department

AMRITA VISHWA VIDYAPEETHAM

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EEE Department
 INTRODUCTION
• An electric car refers to any vehicle that uses electric motor
for propulsion. They have the potential of reducing city
pollution by having zero tail pipe emissions .
• Electric cars have been around since the 18th century, but lose
their popularity due to advancements in the IC Engine.
• The electric car remerged in 1990 by the unveiling of GM’s
IMPACT.
• From then on electric car gained its popularity in the masses
gradually in a slow rate, there are many electric car enthusiasts
who have been converting there conventional cars into EV’s .

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 Block Diagram

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 MOTOR SELECTION CRITERIA

• Power Output
• Torque and speed variation
• Reliability.
• Maintenance and cost.
• Ease of control

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 CHOICES

1. DC SERIES MOTOR

2. BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR

3. 3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

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 DC SERIES MOTOR

Advantages :
• Ease of control due to linearity
• Capability of independent torque and flux control
• Established manufacturing technology
Disadvantages :
• brush wear leads to high maintenance
• Low maximum speed and efficiency
• Cannot be used where a constant speed is required
under conditions of variable load and these always
have to be run under load.
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 BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR
ADVANTAGES
• High starting torque
• High efficiency
• Can work at unity power factor
• Low maintenance and long life span
DISADVANTAGE
• Uses permanent magnet rotor which demagnetizes on heating.
• Need the aid of 3 position sensor and inverter for drive
• High cost due to the use of permanent magnet

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 3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

• High starting torque

• Robust and Reliable
• Low cost and High Efficiency (80%)
• AC motor is “brushless”
• So no mechanical contacts to wear
• With inverter we can create the desired magnitude
and frequency of ac

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 3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

Disadvantage:
• Works on lagging power factor, will work at
maximum .85 power factor.
• Control strategy is more complicated but with the
advancement in power electronics there are drives
which able to accomplish this with considerable ease.

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 3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

ROTOR CONSTRUCTION
• Squirrel cage construction
• Behaves like shorted 3 phase windings
• No magnets or windings.

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 3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

Stator Construction:
Stator has winding with laminations to
• Create strong magnetic field
• Maintain continuous flux
When 3 phase AC voltages are applied to the
Stator windings, a rotating magnetic field is
Produced.
The rotating magnetic field of the stator
drags the stator around
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 Rating of induction motor

Case study
• For a Maruthi 800 ,the peak hp is 29 bhp@5500
rpm and a torque of 56 Nm.
• Gas engines are rated at peak hp, electric motors are
rated at continues hp. The peak hp of an electric
motor is usually 8 to 10 times its continuous rating.
• By taking into consideration the weight of motor
and battery, we can approximately decide the rating
of our motor to be around 8 hp.

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 DRIVING STRATEGY

• STATOR VOLTAGE CONTROL

• ROTOR VOLTAGE CONTROL
• VFD
• VVVF CONTROL
• VECTOR CONTROL

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 STATOR VOLTAGE CONTROL

• Torque is proportional to square of stator voltage.

• By Reducing stator voltage we can reduce speed.
• Normally applied to applications having low starting
torque and narrow range of speed.

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 VFD

• Torque and speed can be controlled by

changing the frequency.
• If you decrease the frequency at constant
voltage; it results in saturation.

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 VVVFD

• By varying both voltage and frequency

simultaneously torque and speed of the
machine can be controlled precisely over a
wide range.

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 STARTING OF INDUCTION MOTOR

• When an induction is connected to full load

supply ,it draws about 6 times the rated current.
• when VFD starts the motor, it applies a small
frequency(around 2 Hz), so high inrush current
can be avoided.
• VFD then increases the frequency step by step
in a controlled rate. By this the motor can
generate a torque up to 150 % of rated torque

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 Braking
Regenerative braking
• Reducing the supply
frequency
immediately(by
breaking) can produce a
negative torque in the
rotor
• The power flow
direction reverses
which can be used for
battery charging
• Each time break is
applied, battery gets
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 Speed Torque Characteristics

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 INVERTER

• Supplies three phase ac input required for the

induction motor operation.
• Three bridge inverter of 180 has been
simulated.
• Load characteristics become upredicatable in
120.
 3 Phase Inverter Circuit

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 Simulated Output

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 IGBT AS THE SWITCHING DEVICE

• Has advantage of BJT and MOSFET

• Both minority and majority carries aid in
conduction
• Low On state conduction loss
• High switching frequency
• High input impedance
 Reva - India’s First Electric Car
• Motor:
– High torque (52 Nm), AC Induction motor, 3 phase 13 kW peak
• Controller:
– 350 Amp microprocessor based with regenerative braking
• Charger:
– 220 V, 2.2 kW, high Frequency switch mode type (optional 100-120V)
• EMS:
– Microprocessor-based battery management system
Power Pack : 48 V, 200 Amp-hr, EV lead acid batteries

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 Innovation!

• Main problem with electric car is that they

don’t have much range .
• We use a range extender – Alternator + Small
ICE engine.
 Future work

• Designing and implementation of the Drive

with a prototype.
• Choosing Rating of the motor as per the
vehicle selected.
• Hardware implementation
THANK YOU
Questions ?