NUTRITION THOUGH THE

LIFESPAN
NUTRITION & PREGNANCY
 Nutrition before conception

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FOODS TO AVOID DURING PREGNANCY
 Alcohol
 Certain types of fish

Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010

INFANCY
 Growth is the best marker of nutritional status.
 Weight gain
 Double birth weight by 4-6 months
 Triple birth weight by 12 months

 Length gain
 Increase length by 50% by 12 months
ENERGY & NUTRIENT NEEDS: INFANTS
 Requirements based on composition of breast milk
 Energy – highest needs of any life stage
 Protein – highest needs of any life stage

Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010

ENERGY & NUTRIENT NEEDS: INFANTS
 Key vitamins and minerals
 Vitamin D
 Vitamin K
 Vitamin B12
 Iron
 Fluoride

Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010

THE START HEALTHY FEEDING
GUIDELINES

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CHILDHOOD
 Energy and nutrient needs during childhood…
 Energy and protein
 Vitamins and minerals

Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010

CHILDHOOD NUTRITION
 What influences childhood food habits?
 Caregiver is responsible for what to eat
 Child is responsible for how much and when to eat.

 External factors

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NUTRITIONAL CONCERNS OF
CHILDHOOD
 Malnutrition and hunger
 Food security
 Federal assistance programs

Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010

 NUTRITIONAL CONCERNS CONTINUED
 Food and behavior
 Foods associated with hyperactivity
 Childhood obesity

Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010

ADOLESCENCE
 Physical growth and development
 Growth spurts
 Changes in body composition
 Changes in emotional maturity
 NUTRIENT NEEDS FOR ADOLESCENTS
 Energy and protein
 Highest total calories and protein grams per day
 Vitamins and minerals

Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010

 INFLUENCES ON ADOLESCENT FOOD
INTAKE

Insel, Turner & Ross, 2010

OTHER NUTRITION-RELATED
CONCERNS
 Fitness and sports
 Acne

 Eating disorders

 Obesity
GROWING OLDER…
 Age-related changes
 Mobility

 Immunity

 Taste and smell

 Gastrointestinal changes
NUTRIENT-RELATED CONCERNS &
AGING
 Vitamins & Minerals
 Medications

 Other diseases

 Meal replacements
MACULAR DEGENERATION
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY